Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Faculty of Professional Studies, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2019 Jul/Sep;42(3):115-122. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000141.
Physical function is shown to decline with age. However, how long-term strength training may attenuate the age-related limitation in functional tasks with various force demands is unclear.
In a cross-sectional study, we assessed maximal muscle strength, initial and late phase rate of force development (RFD), as well as 4 tests of functional performance in 11 strength-trained master athletes (MAs), 11 recreationally active older adults (AEs), 10 sedentary older adults (SOAs), and 9 moderately active young controls. Functional performance was divided into 2 categories: more force-demanding (chair-rising ability and stair-climbing power) and less force-demanding (habitual walking speed and 1-leg standing) tasks.
MA exhibited 75%, 45%, and 26% higher leg press maximal strength compared with SOA, AE, and young, respectively (P < .01). MA leg press RFD was not different from young, but was higher compared to AE and SOA during both the initial (0-50 ms: 104%-177%, P < .05) and late phase (100-200 ms: 37%-52%, P < .05) of muscle contraction. MA also showed better mean (SD) performance compared with AE and SOA (P < .05) in more force-demanding functional tasks; chair-rising ability (MA: 6.2 (1.2) seconds; AE: 8.6 (1.8) seconds; SOA: 9.7 (3.0) seconds; young: 6.5 (1.0) seconds) and stair-climbing power (MA: 701 (161) W; AE: 556 (104) W; SOA: 495 (116) W; young: 878 (126) W). No differences (mean (SD)) were observed between MA and AE in less force-demanding tasks, but both groups were superior (P < .05) compared with SOA in walking speed (MA: 1.49 (0.21) m·s; AE: 1.56 (0.17) m·s; SOA: 1.27 (0.22) m·s; young: 1.62 (0.22) m·s) and balance test completion (MA: 45%; AE: 45%; SOA: 0%; young: 100%).
Our results reveal that maintaining a high muscle force-generating capacity into older age is related to beneficial effects on functional performance, which may not be achieved with recreational activity, thus highlighting strength training as an important contribution to healthy aging.
体力随着年龄的增长而下降。然而，长期力量训练对于各种力量需求的功能性任务中与年龄相关的限制的衰减作用尚不清楚。
在一项横断面研究中，我们评估了 11 名力量训练大师运动员（MA）、11 名娱乐性活动的老年人（AE）、10 名久坐的老年人（SOA）和 9 名适度活跃的年轻对照组的最大肌肉力量、初始和后期力量发展速率（RFD）以及 4 项功能表现测试。功能表现分为两类：更需要力量（坐起能力和爬楼梯能力）和较少需要力量（习惯性步行速度和单腿站立）任务。
MA 的腿部按压最大力量分别比 SOA、AE 和年轻组高 75%、45%和 26%（P <.01）。MA 的腿部按压 RFD与年轻组无差异，但在初始（0-50 ms：104%-177%，P <.05）和后期（100-200 ms：37%-52%，P <.05）肌肉收缩阶段均高于 AE 和 SOA。MA 在更需要力量的功能性任务中也表现出比 AE 和 SOA 更好的平均（SD）表现（P <.05）；坐起能力（MA：6.2（1.2）秒；AE：8.6（1.8）秒；SOA：9.7（3.0）秒；年轻：6.5（1.0）秒）和爬楼梯能力（MA：701（161）W；AE：556（104）W；SOA：495（116）W；年轻：878（126）W）。MA 与 AE 之间在较少需要力量的任务中没有差异（平均（SD）），但与 SOA 相比，两组在步行速度（MA：1.49（0.21）m·s；AE：1.56（0.17）m·s；SOA：1.27（0.22）m·s；年轻：1.62（0.22）m·s）和平衡测试完成率（MA：45%；AE：45%；SOA：0%；年轻：100%）方面表现更优（P <.05）。
我们的结果表明，在老年时保持较高的肌肉力量产生能力与功能性表现的有益影响有关，而这种影响可能无法通过娱乐性活动实现，这突出了力量训练作为健康老龄化的重要贡献。
