University of Vermont Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, United States; Departments of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States; Psychological Science, University of Vermont, United States.
University of Vermont Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, United States; Rehabilitation Institute, Southern Illinois University, United States.
Prev Med. 2017 Nov;104:57-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.029. Epub 2017 Aug 5.
The present study examined full-flavor cigarette use among women of reproductive age to assess whether use is associated with greater nicotine dependence and smoking during pregnancy. We used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005-2014). Consecutive years were combined to assure sufficient numbers of pregnant women. We examined whether use of full-flavor cigarettes was associated with greater odds of nicotine dependence using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), controlling for other smoking characteristics. We next compared prevalence of smoking and use of full-flavor versus lower-yield cigarettes among non-pregnant versus pregnant women and across trimesters. Lastly, we examined whether pregnancy was associated with greater odds of using full-flavor cigarettes after controlling for potential confounders. Use of full-flavor cigarettes was associated with greater adjusted odds of nicotine dependence compared to lower yields among non-pregnant (Fagerstrom: 2.50, 95% CI: 2.32,2.70; NDSS: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.62,1.88) and pregnant (Fagerstrom: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.13,2.05; NDSS: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.12,2.10) smokers. As smoking prevalence decreased among pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (14.31±0.55% versus 22.73±0.17%), prevalence of using full-flavor cigarettes increased (54.82±1.63% versus 38.86±0.35%). Similarly, as smoking prevalence decreased from 1st to 3rd trimester (19.65±1.2%, 12.50±0.84%, 11.3±0.83%), prevalence of using full-flavor cigarettes increased (53.12±2.53%, 50.57+2.92%, 63.63±3.19%). Overall, pregnancy was associated with 1.43 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.68) greater adjusted odds of full-flavor cigarette use. These results indicate that users of full-flavor cigarettes have greater nicotine-dependence risk and lower likelihood of quitting smoking during pregnancy, relationships with potential for serious adverse maternal-infant health impacts.
本研究调查了育龄妇女吸食全风味香烟的情况，以评估这种吸烟方式是否与更高的尼古丁依赖和怀孕期间吸烟有关。我们使用了国家毒品使用和健康调查（2005-2014 年）的数据。连续几年的数据被合并，以确保有足够数量的孕妇。我们使用 Fagerstrom 尼古丁依赖测试和尼古丁依赖综合征量表（NDSS）来评估吸食全风味香烟是否与更高的尼古丁依赖几率有关，同时控制了其他吸烟特征。我们比较了非孕妇和孕妇以及不同孕期使用全风味香烟和低产香烟的吸烟率。最后，我们在控制了潜在混杂因素后，研究了怀孕是否与吸食全风味香烟的几率增加有关。与低产香烟相比，非孕妇（Fagerstrom：2.50，95%置信区间：2.32，2.70；NDSS：1.75，95%置信区间：1.62，1.88）和孕妇（Fagerstrom：1.53，95%置信区间：1.13，2.05；NDSS：1.53，95%置信区间：1.12，2.10）吸烟者吸食全风味香烟与更高的调整后尼古丁依赖几率有关。与非孕妇相比，孕妇的吸烟率（14.31±0.55%对 22.73±0.17%）下降，而吸食全风味香烟的比例（54.82±1.63%对 38.86±0.35%）增加。同样，随着吸烟率从第一孕期到第三孕期下降（19.65±1.2%、12.50±0.84%、11.3±0.83%），吸食全风味香烟的比例也有所增加（53.12±2.53%、50.57+2.92%、63.63±3.19%）。总的来说，怀孕与吸食全风味香烟的几率增加 1.43（95%置信区间：1.22，1.68）有关。这些结果表明，吸食全风味香烟的人尼古丁依赖风险更高，在怀孕期间戒烟的可能性更低，这可能对母婴健康产生严重不良影响。
