Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet, Building 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Chem Rev. 2017 Sep 13;117(17):11337-11405. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00162. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Plant cell walls are composed of an intricate network of polysaccharides and proteins that varies during the developmental stages of the cell. This makes it very challenging to address the functions of individual wall components in cells, especially for highly complex glycans. Fortunately, structurally defined oligosaccharides can be used as models for the glycans, to study processes such as cell wall biosynthesis, polysaccharide deposition, protein-carbohydrate interactions, and cell-cell adhesion. Synthetic chemists have focused on preparing such model compounds, as they can be produced in good quantities and with high purity. This Review contains an overview of those plant and algal polysaccharides that have been elucidated to date. The majority of the content is devoted to detailed summaries of the chemical syntheses of oligosaccharide fragments of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and arabinogalactans, as well as glycans unique to algae. Representative synthetic routes within each class are discussed in detail, and the progress in carbohydrate chemistry over recent decades is highlighted.
植物细胞壁由多糖和蛋白质组成的复杂网络构成，这些物质在细胞的发育阶段会发生变化。这使得确定单个细胞壁成分在细胞中的功能变得极具挑战性，尤其是对于高度复杂的糖。幸运的是，结构明确的低聚糖可以用作聚糖的模型，用于研究细胞壁生物合成、多糖沉积、蛋白-碳水化合物相互作用和细胞-细胞黏附等过程。合成化学家专注于制备此类模型化合物，因为它们可以大量且高纯度地生产。这篇综述概述了迄今已阐明的植物和藻类多糖。大部分内容详细总结了纤维素、半纤维素、果胶和阿拉伯半乳聚糖的寡糖片段以及藻类特有的聚糖的化学合成。详细讨论了每一类中的代表性合成路线，并强调了过去几十年碳水化合物化学的进展。
