Heckendorn Felix, Bieber Anna, Werne Steffen, Saratsis Anastasios, Maurer Veronika, Stricker Chris
Research Institute for Organic Agriculture (FiBL), PO Box, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland.
Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Parasite. 2017;24:32. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2017033. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) severely affect small ruminant production worldwide. Increasing problems of anthelmintic resistance have given strong impetus to the search for alternative strategies to control GIN. Selection of animals with an enhanced resistance to GIN has been shown to be successful in sheep. In goats, the corresponding information is comparatively poor. Therefore, the present study was designed to provide reliable data on heritabilities of and genetic correlations between phenotypic traits linked to GIN and milk yield in two major dairy goat breeds (Alpine and Saanen). In all, 20 herds totalling 1303 goats were enrolled in the study. All herds had (i) a history of gastrointestinal nematode infection, (ii) uniform GIN exposure on pasture and (iii) regular milk recordings. For all goats, individual recordings of faecal egg counts (FEC), FAMACHA eye score, packed cell volume (PCV) and milk yield were performed twice a year with an anthelmintic treatment in between. The collected phenotypic data were multivariately modelled using animal as a random effect with its covariance structure inferred from the pedigree, enabling estimation of the heritabilities of the respective traits and the genetic correlation between them. The heritabilities of FEC, FAMACHA and PCV were 0.07, 0.22 and 0.22, respectively. The genetic correlation between FEC and FAMACHA was close to zero and -0.41 between FEC and PCV. The phenotypic correlation between FEC and milk yield was close to zero, whereas the genetic correlation was 0.49. Our data suggest low heritability of FEC in Saanen and Alpine goats and an unfavourable genetic correlation of FEC with milk yield.
胃肠道线虫（GIN）严重影响着全球小型反刍动物的生产。驱虫抗性问题日益严重，有力地推动了寻找控制GIN的替代策略。已证明在绵羊中选择对GIN具有增强抗性的动物是成功的。在山羊方面，相应的信息相对较少。因此，本研究旨在提供关于两个主要奶山羊品种（阿尔卑斯山羊和萨能山羊）中与GIN相关的表型性状和产奶量的遗传力及遗传相关性的可靠数据。共有20个畜群，总计1303只山羊参与了本研究。所有畜群都有（i）胃肠道线虫感染史，（ii）在牧场上统一暴露于GIN，以及（iii）定期的产奶记录。对于所有山羊，每年进行两次粪便虫卵计数（FEC）、FAMACHA眼评分、红细胞压积（PCV）和产奶量的个体记录，中间进行一次驱虫治疗。收集到的表型数据使用动物作为随机效应进行多变量建模，其协方差结构从系谱中推断得出，从而能够估计各性状的遗传力及其之间的遗传相关性。FEC、FAMACHA和PCV的遗传力分别为0.07、0.22和0.22。FEC与FAMACHA之间的遗传相关性接近零，FEC与PCV之间为-0.41。FEC与产奶量之间的表型相关性接近零，而遗传相关性为0.49。我们的数据表明，萨能山羊和阿尔卑斯山羊中FEC的遗传力较低，且FEC与产奶量之间存在不利的遗传相关性。
