Joseph Paul, Tretsiakova-McNally Svetlana
Centre for Environmental Safety and Risk Engineering, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
The Built Environment Research Institute, School of the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK.
Materials (Basel). 2015 Dec 15;8(12):8793-8803. doi: 10.3390/ma8125492.
Polymeric materials often exhibit complex combustion behaviours encompassing several stages and involving solid phase, gas phase and interphase. A wide range of qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative testing techniques are currently available, both at the laboratory scale and for commercial purposes, for evaluating the decomposition and combustion behaviours of polymeric materials. They include, but are not limited to, techniques such as: thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), oxygen bomb calorimetry, limiting oxygen index measurements (LOI), Underwriters Laboratory 94 (UL-94) tests, cone calorimetry, However, none of the above mentioned techniques are capable of quantitatively deciphering the underpinning physiochemical processes leading to the melt flow behaviour of thermoplastics. Melt-flow of polymeric materials can constitute a serious secondary hazard in fire scenarios, for example, if they are present as component parts of a ceiling in an enclosure. In recent years, more quantitative attempts to measure the mass loss and melt-drip behaviour of some commercially important chain- and step-growth polymers have been accomplished. The present article focuses, primarily, on the experimental and some theoretical aspects of melt-flow behaviours of thermoplastics under heat/fire conditions.
聚合材料通常表现出复杂的燃烧行为，包括几个阶段，涉及固相、气相和相间。目前，无论是在实验室规模还是商业用途方面，都有各种各样的定性、半定量和定量测试技术可用于评估聚合材料的分解和燃烧行为。这些技术包括但不限于：热重分析（TGA）、氧弹量热法、极限氧指数测量（LOI）、美国保险商试验所94（UL-94）测试、锥形量热法。然而，上述技术均无法定量解读导致热塑性塑料熔体流动行为的潜在物理化学过程。在火灾场景中，聚合材料的熔体流动可能构成严重的二次危险，例如，如果它们作为封闭空间天花板的组成部分存在。近年来，已经完成了一些更定量的尝试，以测量一些具有商业重要性的链式和逐步增长聚合物的质量损失和熔体滴落行为。本文主要关注热塑性塑料在热/火条件下熔体流动行为的实验和一些理论方面。
