Isah Mutawakkil, Shehzad Farrukh, Al-Harthi Mamdouh A
Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jun 29;17(13):1811. doi: 10.3390/polym17131811.
The growing demand for fire-safe, sustainable materials has driven extensive research into advanced flame retardants particularly polystyrene (PS), a widely utilized yet inherently flammable polymer. Graphene-derived materials are considered effective flame retardants owing to their higher thermal stability, char-formation, and gas barrier properties. However, despite these advantages, challenges such as agglomeration, high thermal conductivity, poor interfacial compatibility, and processing limitations hinder their full-scale adoption in building insulation and other applications. This review presents an in-depth analysis of recent progress in graphene-enhanced flame-retardant systems for polystyrene applications, focusing on synthesis methods, flame-retardant mechanisms, and material performance. It also discusses strategies to address these challenges, such as surface functionalization, hybrid flame-retardant formulations, optimized graphene loading, and improved dispersion techniques. Furthermore, future research directions are proposed to enhance the effectiveness and commercial viability of graphene-based flame-retardant polystyrene composites. Overcoming these challenges is essential for high-performance, eco-friendly, flame-retardant materials on a larger scale.
对防火、可持续材料日益增长的需求推动了对先进阻燃剂的广泛研究，特别是聚苯乙烯（PS），它是一种广泛使用但本质上易燃的聚合物。基于石墨烯的材料因其更高的热稳定性、成炭性和气密性而被认为是有效的阻燃剂。然而，尽管具有这些优点，但诸如团聚、高导热性、界面相容性差和加工限制等挑战阻碍了它们在建筑保温和其他应用中的全面应用。本综述深入分析了用于聚苯乙烯应用的石墨烯增强阻燃体系的最新进展，重点关注合成方法、阻燃机理和材料性能。它还讨论了应对这些挑战的策略，如表面功能化、混合阻燃配方、优化的石墨烯负载量和改进的分散技术。此外，还提出了未来的研究方向，以提高基于石墨烯的阻燃聚苯乙烯复合材料的有效性和商业可行性。克服这些挑战对于大规模生产高性能、环保的阻燃材料至关重要。
