Domínguez Vila Trinidad, Alén González Elisa, Darcy Simon
a Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Sciences and Tourism , University of Vigo , Ourense , Spain.
b Department of Events, Sport and Tourism, Faculty of Business , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , Australia.
Disabil Rehabil. 2018 Dec;40(24):2895-2906. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1362709. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
To analyze the accessibility of official national tourism organization websites of countries around the world, in order to establish possible common patterns and rankings of those with exemplary practice through to those with the highest number of issues. The purpose for undertaking such an analysis is to provide a quasi-indicator of inclusive organizational practice for online accessibility for both destination managers and their accessible tourism consumers - domestic and overseas people with disability visiting the websites.
The official tourism websites of 210 countries included in the latest World Tourism Organization report were analyzed. A website accessibility evaluation tool (website accessible test) was used in the analysis, according to AA and AAA levels of conformance to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 requirements.
Different patterns compliance to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 were established for the clusters, which were rather similar for both AA and AAA conformance levels. The main issues in the least accessible websites were also identified, mainly focused on the following guidelines: navigable, compatible, adaptability, text alternatives and also referred to other assistive technologies.
Once the main issues were established several alternatives are suggested to address them, such as implementing more prescriptive laws and regulations, complying with mandatory benchmark standards and/or having external agencies audit website designs. However, in addition to using benchmark standards, efforts to improve this situation should also be made by programmers, who should also rely on preexistent experiences and develop more dynamic knowledge. This knowledge may include text alternatives for any nontext content; creation of content that can be presented in different ways without losing information; provide ways to help users navigate, find content, determine where they are and navigate websites to maximize compatibility with assistive technologies and user agents. Implications for rehabilitation Access to information - in this case, online information - is an important factor in the process of rehabilitation for people with disability and those supporting them. Failure to apply homogeneous criteria for website accessibility around the world can hamper access to information by people with disabilities. Travel planning requires access to mainstream tourist distribution networks where online inclusive practice is a precursor to information searching. Documents for destination managers and programmers the main problems of accessibility to websites and examples of models or solutions to follow and not. Establish the main inclusive website design criteria on which to focus on improving the access of people with disabilities to websites (e.g., text alternatives, content presented in different ways, navigating and improving compatibility with assistive technologies etc.).
分析世界各国官方国家旅游组织网站的可访问性，以便确定从具有典范做法的网站到问题最多的网站可能存在的共同模式和排名。进行此类分析的目的是为目的地管理者及其无障碍旅游消费者（国内外访问网站的残疾人士）提供在线可访问性的包容性组织实践的准指标。
对最新世界旅游组织报告中包含的210个国家的官方旅游网站进行了分析。在分析中使用了网站可访问性评估工具（网站可访问性测试），根据符合《网络内容无障碍指南2.0》要求的AA和AAA级别。
为这些集群建立了符合《网络内容无障碍指南2.0》的不同模式，对于AA和AAA符合级别来说相当相似。还确定了可访问性最低的网站中的主要问题，主要集中在以下指南：可导航性、兼容性、适应性、文本替代，还涉及其他辅助技术。
一旦确定了主要问题，就提出了几种解决这些问题的替代方案，例如实施更具规范性的法律法规、遵守强制性基准标准和/或让外部机构审核网站设计。然而，除了使用基准标准外，程序员也应该努力改善这种情况，他们还应该依靠以往的经验并开发更具动态性的知识。这些知识可能包括任何非文本内容的文本替代；创建可以以不同方式呈现而不丢失信息的内容；提供帮助用户导航、查找内容、确定自己位置以及浏览网站的方法，以最大限度地与辅助技术和用户代理兼容。对康复的影响 信息获取——在这种情况下是在线信息——是残疾人士及其支持者康复过程中的一个重要因素。未能在全球范围内应用统一的网站可访问性标准可能会妨碍残疾人士获取信息。旅行规划需要访问主流旅游分销网络，其中在线包容性实践是信息搜索的前提。为目的地管理者和程序员提供关于网站可访问性的主要问题以及应遵循和不应遵循的模型或解决方案示例。确定主要的包容性网站设计标准，重点是改善残疾人士对网站的访问（例如，文本替代、以不同方式呈现的内容、导航以及提高与辅助技术的兼容性等）。
