Deeg Dorly J H, Thomése G C Fleur
Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine/LASA, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Socio-Cultural Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Ageing. 2005 Jun;2(2):98-108. doi: 10.1007/s10433-005-0027-4. Epub 2005 Jun 28.
During their life course, older persons' income level may become discrepant with the socio-economic status of their neighbourhood. This study examines whether and how such discrepancies affect older persons' physical and mental health. Using baseline data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, 2,540 non-institutionalised persons aged 55-85 years were classified based on self-reported income and neighbourhood status. Two categories defined discrepancies: discrepant-low (DL, low income in high-status neighbourhood), and discrepant-high (DH, high income in low-status neighbourhood). Both categories were compared with the same reference category: matched-high (MH, high personal and high neighbourhood income status). A range of health indicators were examined, as well as mediating effects of neighbourhood and individual characteristics. Among the 504 persons who reported a high income, 16% lived in a low-status neighbourhood (DH). Conversely, among the 757 persons living in a high-status neighbourhood, 24% had a low income (DL). The DL category mainly lived in rural areas, and the DH category predominantly in large cities. The data show discrepant income effects (DL vs. MH) on physical and cognitive ability, self-rated health, and loneliness, and discrepant neighbourhood effects (DH vs. MH) on physical and cognitive ability, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. Personal income effects were partly mediated by other personal characteristics, and neighbourhood effects were fully mediated by socio-economic neighbourhood characteristics as well as by older persons' perceptions of their neighbourhood and their income. It is concluded that discrepancies between personal income and neighbourhood status, accrued throughout the life course, are associated with poor health.
在其人生历程中，老年人的收入水平可能与其邻里的社会经济地位不一致。本研究探讨这种不一致是否以及如何影响老年人的身心健康。利用阿姆斯特丹纵向老龄化研究的基线数据，根据自我报告的收入和邻里状况对2540名55 - 85岁的非机构化人员进行了分类。两类定义了不一致情况：低收入高地位社区（DL），即高地位社区中的低收入者；高收入低地位社区（DH），即低地位社区中的高收入者。将这两类与相同的参照类别进行比较：匹配高收入（MH），即个人和邻里收入地位均高。研究了一系列健康指标以及邻里和个人特征的中介作用。在报告高收入的504人中，16%生活在低地位社区（DH）。相反，在生活在高地位社区的757人中，24%收入较低（DL）。DL类别主要生活在农村地区，DH类别主要生活在大城市。数据显示，收入不一致（DL与MH相比）对身体和认知能力、自评健康和孤独感有影响，邻里不一致（DH与MH相比）对身体和认知能力、抑郁症状和孤独感有影响。个人收入的影响部分由其他个人特征介导，邻里的影响完全由邻里的社会经济特征以及老年人对其邻里和收入的认知介导。研究得出结论，在人生历程中积累的个人收入与邻里地位之间的不一致与健康状况不佳有关。
