Poulsen Tine, Elkjaer Eva, Vass Mikkel, Hendriksen Carsten, Avlund Kirsten
Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, P.O.2099, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Department of General Practice and Central Research Unit for General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Eur J Ageing. 2007 Aug 14;4(3):115-124. doi: 10.1007/s10433-007-0057-1. eCollection 2007 Sep.
The objectives were to investigate in older adults (1) whether regular preventive home visits are associated with change or stability in physical activity and (2) whether education of home visitors influences stability and change in physical activity. The design was a prospective controlled randomised follow-up study with randomization at municipality level (17 intervention and 17 control municipalities) and outcomes measured at individual level. Visitors in the intervention-municipalities received regular education during 3 years. The effect of the intervention was measured by a questionnaire survey among 1,913 old persons living in the 34 municipalities at baseline and 4½-year follow-up. Changes in physical activity were measured through self-reported frequencies of vigorous physical activity. All logistic regression analyses were stratified by sex and age group (75 and 80 years old). There was no effect of receiving preventive home visits on change in physical activity among the men and among the 75-year-old women. Among the physically active 80-year-old women those who accepted and received more than four preventive home visits were more likely to go on being physically active compared to women who did not receive preventive home visits. Among the sedentary 80-year-old women those living in the intervention municipalities tended to increase their physical activity compared to the control women. These results were not seen in the old men. Preventive home visits as part of daily routine in primary care and education of home visitors and general practitioners may promote physical activity in older women.
（1）定期预防性家访是否与身体活动的变化或稳定性有关；（2）家访人员的教育是否会影响身体活动的稳定性和变化。研究设计为前瞻性对照随机随访研究，在市一级进行随机分组（17个干预市和17个对照市），在个体层面测量结果。干预市的家访人员在3年期间接受定期教育。通过对基线时居住在34个市的1913名老年人以及4年半随访时进行问卷调查来衡量干预效果。身体活动的变化通过自我报告的剧烈身体活动频率来测量。所有逻辑回归分析均按性别和年龄组（75岁和80岁）分层。接受预防性家访对男性和75岁女性的身体活动变化没有影响。在身体活跃的80岁女性中，接受并接受超过四次预防性家访的女性比未接受预防性家访的女性更有可能继续保持身体活跃。在久坐不动的80岁女性中，与对照女性相比，居住在干预市的女性往往会增加身体活动。在老年男性中未观察到这些结果。作为初级保健日常工作一部分的预防性家访以及对家访人员和全科医生的教育可能会促进老年女性的身体活动。
