Taylor Nicole M, Enns Leah N
a Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3N4, Canada.
b Manitoba FASD Centre, SSCY Centre, 1155 Notre Dame Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3G1, Canada.
Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Apr;96(2):252-259. doi: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0081. Epub 2017 Aug 10.
This cross-sectional study examined 6 key areas of neuropsychological functioning (cognitive, academic, attention, executive function, adaptive skills) comparing adolescents and school-age children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). The aims were: (i) to examine which neuropsychological measures were predictive of an FASD diagnosis in adolescents and school-age children with PAE, and (ii) to compare the neuropsychological performance of adolescents and children diagnosed with FASD. Hierarchical logistic regressions determined that the Full-Scale IQ, Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning indices, basic reading and math skills, adaptive functioning at school, and components of executive functioning (dependent on age) improved the probability of an accurate FASD diagnosis in both groups: 9.1% to 19.2% for adolescents and 10.9% to 19.4% for school-age children (61.5%-80.9% correct classifications overall). For the age comparison analyses (ANOVAs/MANOVAs), a significant difference was observed in the cognitive domain, as well as with basic math skills (trend) in the sample diagnosed with FASD, with lower scores observed for adolescents across these measures. These findings provide further evidence for age differences in neuropsychological assessment as well as increased neuropsychological difficulties in adolescence by comparison with childhood with FASD. Longitudinal studies will be needed to make further inferences about developmental changes in neuropsychological functioning in FASD.
这项横断面研究考察了神经心理功能的6个关键领域（认知、学业、注意力、执行功能、适应技能），对有产前酒精暴露（PAE）的青少年和学龄儿童进行了比较。研究目的如下：（i）考察哪些神经心理测量指标可预测有PAE的青少年和学龄儿童的胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）诊断，以及（ii）比较被诊断为FASD的青少年和儿童的神经心理表现。分层逻辑回归分析确定，全量表智商、言语理解和知觉推理指数、基础阅读和数学技能、学校适应功能以及执行功能的组成部分（取决于年龄）提高了两组准确诊断FASD的概率：青少年为9.1%至19.2%，学龄儿童为10.9%至19.4%（总体正确分类率为61.5%-80.9%）。对于年龄比较分析（方差分析/多变量方差分析），在被诊断为FASD的样本中，认知领域以及基础数学技能（呈趋势）存在显著差异，在这些测量指标上青少年得分较低。这些发现为神经心理评估中的年龄差异以及与患有FASD的儿童相比青少年期神经心理困难增加提供了进一步证据。需要进行纵向研究以进一步推断FASD中神经心理功能的发育变化。
