Lindsay Sally, Cagliostro Elaine, Carafa Gabriella
a Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.
b Bloorview Research Institute , Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Canada.
Disabil Rehabil. 2018 Dec;40(25):2971-2986. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1363824. Epub 2017 Aug 10.
The objective of this systematic review is to critically appraise the literature on disability disclosure and workplace accommodations for youth and young adults with disabilities.
Systematic searches of nine international databases identified 27 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed with respect to the characteristics of the participants, methodology, results of the studies and the quality of the evidence.
Among the 27 studies, 18,419 participants (aged 14-33, mean 23.9 years) were represented across seven countries. Barriers to disability disclosure and requests for workplace accommodations were found at the individual (i.e., disability type, severity, poor self-concept, and advocacy skills), employment (i.e., type of industry, and working conditions, lack of supports), and societal levels (i.e., stigma/discrimination). Facilitators of disability disclosure included individual factors (i.e., knowledge of supports and workplace rights, self-advocacy skills), employment (i.e., training/supports, effective communication with employers, realizing the benefits of accommodations), and societal factors (i.e., positive attitudes toward people with disabilities). There was little consensus on the processes and timing of how disability should be discussed in the workplace among youth with disabilities.
Our findings highlight the complexities of disability disclosure for youth with disabilities. More studies are needed to explore issues of workplace disclosure and accommodations for young people to improve disclosure strategies and the process of providing appropriate accommodations. Implications for Rehabilitation Clinicians, educators, and parents should support youth to become self-aware and build self-advocacy skills so they can make an informed decision about how and when to disclose their condition to employers. Clinicians, educators, and employers should help youth with disabilities to understand the benefits of disclosing their disability, and educate them on the supports available so they can remain healthy and productive in the workplace. Clinicians should advocate for employers to create a positive and supportive environment where youth feel comfortable disclosing their condition.
本系统评价的目的是严格评估关于残疾青年和年轻成年人的残疾披露及工作场所便利措施的文献。
对九个国际数据库进行系统检索，确定了27项符合我们纳入标准的研究。对这些研究的参与者特征、方法、研究结果和证据质量进行了分析。
在这27项研究中，来自七个国家的18419名参与者（年龄在14 - 33岁之间，平均23.9岁）被纳入。在个人层面（即残疾类型、严重程度、自我概念差和维权技能）、就业层面（即行业类型、工作条件、缺乏支持）和社会层面（即耻辱/歧视）发现了残疾披露和工作场所便利措施申请的障碍。残疾披露的促进因素包括个人因素（即对支持和工作场所权利的了解、自我维权技能）、就业因素（即培训/支持、与雇主的有效沟通、认识到便利措施的好处）和社会因素（即对残疾人的积极态度）。对于残疾青年在工作场所应如何以及何时讨论残疾问题的过程和时机，几乎没有达成共识。
我们的研究结果突出了残疾青年残疾披露的复杂性。需要更多研究来探讨年轻人在工作场所披露和便利措施的问题，以改进披露策略和提供适当便利措施的过程。对康复临床医生、教育工作者和家长的启示是，应支持青年提高自我意识并培养自我维权技能，以便他们能够就是否以及何时向雇主披露自己的状况做出明智的决定。临床医生、教育工作者和雇主应帮助残疾青年了解披露残疾的好处，并向他们介绍可用的支持，以便他们能够在工作场所保持健康并高效工作。临床医生应倡导雇主营造一个积极支持的环境，让青年在其中能够自在地披露自己的状况。
