a Department of Psychology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.
b Marketing Department , College of Business, Clemson University , Clemson , SC , USA.
Cogn Emot. 2018 Aug;32(5):913-940. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1360253. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
Close relationship partners often respond to happiness expressed through smiles with capitalization, i.e. they join in attempting to up-regulate and prolong the individual's positive emotion, and they often respond to crying with interpersonal down-regulation of negative emotions, attempting to dampen the negative emotions. We investigated how people responded when happiness was expressed through tears, an expression termed dimorphous. We hypothesised that the physical expression of crying would prompt interpersonal down-regulation of emotion when the onlooker perceived that the expresser was experiencing negative or positive emotions. When participants were asked how they would behave when faced with smiles of joy, we expected capitalization responses, and when faced with tears of joy, we expected down-regulation responses. In six experimental studies using video and photographic stimuli, we found support for our hypotheses. Throughout our investigations we test and discuss boundaries of and possible mechanisms for such responsiveness.
亲密关系伙伴通常会对通过微笑表达的快乐做出回应，即他们会参与其中，试图上调并延长个体的积极情绪，而对于哭泣，他们通常会进行人际情绪下调，试图减轻负面情绪。我们调查了当快乐通过眼泪表达时，即一种被称为双重表达的表情，人们会如何反应。我们假设，当旁观者感觉到表达者正在经历负面或正面情绪时，哭泣的身体表达会促使人际情绪下调。当被问及面对喜悦的微笑时他们会如何表现时，我们预期会有上调反应，而面对喜悦的泪水时，我们预期会有下调反应。在六个使用视频和照片刺激的实验研究中，我们的假设得到了支持。在整个研究过程中，我们测试并讨论了这种反应的界限和可能的机制。
