Stone J, Kaban L B
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979 Jul;48(1):29-32. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(79)90231-7.
Persistent pain at the site of injection is the most common complication of local anesthesia in the oral cavity. The complication of trismus after local anesthetic injection is rare and may be prevented by the use of short needles for maxillary posterior injections, and by the avoidance of multiple injections in a short period time. Once trismus develops, its progression to chronic hypomobility and fibrous ankylosis may be prevented by the early institution of treatment consisting of heat, analgesics, muscle relaxants, and exercises.
注射部位持续疼痛是口腔局部麻醉最常见的并发症。局部麻醉注射后发生牙关紧闭的并发症较为罕见，对上颌后部注射使用短针以及避免在短时间内多次注射可预防该并发症。一旦发生牙关紧闭，通过早期采用包括热敷、镇痛药、肌肉松弛剂和锻炼的治疗措施，可防止其发展为慢性活动受限和纤维性关节强直。
