年龄和情境化材料对工作记忆广度表现的影响。
Effects of age and contextualized material on working memory span performance.
作者信息
Zeintl Melanie, Kliegel Matthias
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
出版信息
Eur J Ageing. 2009 Jun 23;6(3):237-245. doi: 10.1007/s10433-009-0118-8. eCollection 2009 Sep.
The present research explores the effects of contextualized material on age-related working memory performance. Two experiments examining younger and older adults are reported. ANOVA results of the first experiment showed age effects in both a standard operation span and a contextual task of parallel structure (air travel task). The second experiment also revealed a significant age effect in a standard operation span task. However, there was no age difference in a contextual task providing additional visual context (rail travel task), mainly due to older adults being unaffected by task type manipulation and younger adults performing worse in the contextual than in the standard task. The present research suggests that contextual task material may not necessarily lead to improved working memory performance in older adults. Several methodological and conceptual conclusions for future research are discussed.
本研究探讨情境化材料对与年龄相关的工作记忆表现的影响。报告了两项针对年轻人和老年人的实验。第一个实验的方差分析结果显示，在标准操作广度和并行结构的情境任务（航空旅行任务）中均存在年龄效应。第二个实验在标准操作广度任务中也显示出显著的年龄效应。然而，在提供额外视觉情境的情境任务（铁路旅行任务）中没有年龄差异，主要是因为老年人不受任务类型操纵的影响，而年轻人在情境任务中的表现比在标准任务中更差。本研究表明，情境任务材料不一定能提高老年人的工作记忆表现。讨论了未来研究的几个方法学和概念性结论。
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