Rather Irfan A, Lone Jameel B, Bajpai Vivek K, Paek Woon K, Lim Jeongheui
Department of Biotechnology, Daegu UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea.
Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jul 26;8:1417. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01417. eCollection 2017.
ZIKA virus (ZIKV) poses a severe threat to the world. Recent outbreaks of ZIKV after 2007 along with its quick transmission have made this virus a matter of international concern. The virus shows symptoms that are similar to those caused in the wake of dengue virus (DENV) and other flaviviruses, which makes it difficult to discern the viral infection. Diagnosis is further complicated as the virus cross-reacts with antibodies of other viruses. Currently, molecular diagnosis of the virus is being performed by RT-PCR and IgM-captured enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). The real brunt of the virus is, however, borne by children and adults alike. Case studies of the ZIKV outbreaks in the French Polynesia and other places have suggested that there is a close link between the ZIKV and Gullian-Barre syndrome (GBS). The GBS has closely followed in areas facing ZIKV outbreaks. Although solid evidence is yet to emerge, clinical data integration has revealed a large number of ZIKV patients having GBS. Moreover, the amniotic fluids, blood cord, and miscarriage tissues of mothers have been detected with ZIKV, which indicates that the virus either gets transferred from mother to fetus or seeks direct entry in the fetus, causing microcephaly and other brain anomalies in the newborn babies. Studies on mice have confirmed the link between the ZIKV infection during pregnancy and microcephaly in babies. Reports have highlighted the sexual transmission of the ZIKV, as it has been detected in the semen and saliva of affected persons. The intensity with which the ZIKA is spreading can collapse the health sector of several countries, which are poor. A comprehensive strategy is a need of an hour to combat this virus so as to prevent its transmission and avert the looming threat. At the same time, more research on the cure of the ZIKV is imperative.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）对全球构成了严重威胁。2007年之后寨卡病毒的近期爆发及其快速传播，已使这种病毒成为国际关注的问题。该病毒表现出的症状与登革热病毒（DENV）及其他黄病毒引发的症状相似，这使得难以辨别病毒感染情况。由于该病毒与其他病毒的抗体发生交叉反应，诊断进一步复杂化。目前，通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和免疫球蛋白M捕获酶联免疫吸附测定（MAC-ELISA）对该病毒进行分子诊断。然而，无论儿童还是成人都切实受到了该病毒的冲击。法属波利尼西亚及其他地区寨卡病毒爆发的案例研究表明，寨卡病毒与吉兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）之间存在密切联系。在面临寨卡病毒爆发的地区，吉兰-巴雷综合征紧随其后。尽管尚未出现确凿证据，但临床数据整合显示大量寨卡病毒患者患有吉兰-巴雷综合征。此外，在母亲的羊水、脐带血和流产组织中检测到了寨卡病毒，这表明该病毒要么从母亲传播给胎儿，要么直接进入胎儿体内，导致新生儿小头畸形和其他脑部异常。对小鼠的研究证实了孕期寨卡病毒感染与婴儿小头畸形之间的联系。报告强调了寨卡病毒的性传播，因为在感染者的精液和唾液中检测到了该病毒。寨卡病毒的传播强度可能使几个贫穷国家的卫生部门陷入瘫痪。当下急需一项全面战略来对抗这种病毒，以防止其传播并避免迫在眉睫的威胁。与此同时，对寨卡病毒治疗方法的更多研究势在必行。
