Haddow Andrew D, Nalca Aysegul, Rossi Franco D, Miller Lynn J, Wiley Michael R, Perez-Sautu Unai, Washington Samuel C, Norris Sarah L, Wollen-Roberts Suzanne E, Shamblin Joshua D, Kimmel Adrienne E, Bloomfield Holly A, Valdez Stephanie M, Sprague Thomas R, Principe Lucia M, Bellanca Stephanie A, Cinkovich Stephanie S, Lugo-Roman Luis, Cazares Lisa H, Pratt William D, Palacios Gustavo F, Bavari Sina, Pitt M Louise, Nasar Farooq
Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Aug;23(8):1274-1281. doi: 10.3201/eid2308.170036. Epub 2017 Aug 15.
Unprotected sexual intercourse between persons residing in or traveling from regions with Zika virus transmission is a risk factor for infection. To model risk for infection after sexual intercourse, we inoculated rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with Zika virus by intravaginal or intrarectal routes. In macaques inoculated intravaginally, we detected viremia and virus RNA in 50% of macaques, followed by seroconversion. In macaques inoculated intrarectally, we detected viremia, virus RNA, or both, in 100% of both species, followed by seroconversion. The magnitude and duration of infectious virus in the blood of macaques suggest humans infected with Zika virus through sexual transmission will likely generate viremias sufficient to infect competent mosquito vectors. Our results indicate that transmission of Zika virus by sexual intercourse might serve as a virus maintenance mechanism in the absence of mosquito-to-human transmission and could increase the probability of establishment and spread of Zika virus in regions where this virus is not present.
居住在寨卡病毒传播地区或从这些地区旅行而来的人之间进行无保护的性行为是感染的一个风险因素。为了模拟性交后感染的风险，我们通过阴道或直肠途径用寨卡病毒接种恒河猴和食蟹猴。在经阴道接种的猕猴中，我们在50%的猕猴中检测到病毒血症和病毒RNA，随后出现血清转化。在经直肠接种的猕猴中，我们在两个物种的100%中都检测到了病毒血症、病毒RNA或两者都有，随后出现血清转化。猕猴血液中感染性病毒的强度和持续时间表明，通过性传播感染寨卡病毒的人类可能会产生足以感染易感蚊媒的病毒血症。我们的结果表明，在没有蚊媒传播的情况下，寨卡病毒通过性行为传播可能是一种病毒维持机制，并且可能会增加寨卡病毒在不存在该病毒的地区建立和传播的可能性。
