Fischer Martin, Müller Gerd A
a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.
b Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2017 Dec;52(6):638-662. doi: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1360836. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
The precise timing of cell cycle gene expression is critical for the control of cell proliferation; de-regulation of this timing promotes the formation of cancer and leads to defects during differentiation and development. Entry into and progression through S phase requires expression of genes coding for proteins that function in DNA replication. Expression of a distinct set of genes is essential to pass through mitosis and cytokinesis. Expression of these groups of cell cycle-dependent genes is regulated by the RB pocket protein family, the E2F transcription factor family, and MuvB complexes together with B-MYB and FOXM1. Distinct combinations of these transcription factors promote the transcription of the two major groups of cell cycle genes that are maximally expressed either in S phase (G1/S) or in mitosis (G2/M). In this review, we discuss recent work that has started to uncover the molecular mechanisms controlling the precisely timed expression of these genes at specific cell cycle phases, as well as the repression of the genes when a cell exits the cell cycle.
细胞周期基因表达的精确时间对于控制细胞增殖至关重要；这种时间调控的失调会促进癌症的形成，并导致分化和发育过程中的缺陷。进入S期并在S期进行进展需要编码在DNA复制中起作用的蛋白质的基因表达。一组独特的基因表达对于通过有丝分裂和胞质分裂至关重要。这些细胞周期依赖性基因的表达受RB口袋蛋白家族、E2F转录因子家族、MuvB复合物以及B-MYB和FOXM1的调控。这些转录因子的不同组合促进了在S期（G1/S）或有丝分裂期（G2/M）最大程度表达的两组主要细胞周期基因的转录。在本综述中，我们讨论了最近的研究工作，这些工作开始揭示在特定细胞周期阶段控制这些基因精确时间表达的分子机制，以及当细胞退出细胞周期时这些基因的抑制机制。
