Bogdanović Višnja, Mrdjanović Jasminka, Borišev Ivana
1 Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad , Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia .
2 Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia .
J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Nov;23(11):831-836. doi: 10.1089/acm.2017.0016. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
The aim of this review is to discuss cannabinoids from a preclinical and clinical oncological perspective and provide the audience with a concise, retrospective overview of the most significant findings concerning the potential use of cannabinoids in cancer treatment.
A literature survey of medical and scientific databases was conducted with a focus on the biological and medical potential of cannabinoids in cancer treatment.
Cannabis sativa is a plant rich in more than 100 types of cannabinoids. Besides exogenous plant cannabinoids, mammalian endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoid analogues have been identified. Cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) have been isolated and characterized from mammalian cells. Through cannabinoid receptor and non-receptor signaling pathways, cannabinoids show specific cytotoxicity against tumor cells, while protecting healthy tissue from apoptosis. The dual antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of cannabinoids and associated signaling pathways have been investigated on a large panel of cancer cell lines. Cannabinoids also display potent anticancer activity against tumor xenografts, including tumors that express high resistance to standard chemotherapeutics. Few studies have investigated the possible synergistic effects of cannabinoids with standard oncology therapies, and are based on the preclinically confirmed concept of "cannabinoid sensitizers." Also, clinical trials aimed to confirm the antineoplastic activity of cannabinoids have only been evaluated on a small number of subjects, with no consensus conclusions regarding their effectiveness.
A large number of cannabinoid compounds have been discovered, developed, and used to study the effects of cannabinoids on cancers in model systems. However, few clinical trials have been conducted on the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of cancers in humans. Further studies require extensive monitoring of the effects of cannabinoids alone or in combination with standard anticancer strategies. With such knowledge, cannabinoids could become a therapy of choice in contemporary oncology.
本综述旨在从临床前和临床肿瘤学角度探讨大麻素，并为读者提供有关大麻素在癌症治疗中潜在用途的最重要研究结果的简明回顾。
对医学和科学数据库进行文献调查，重点关注大麻素在癌症治疗中的生物学和医学潜力。
大麻是一种富含100多种大麻素的植物。除了外源性植物大麻素外，还鉴定出了哺乳动物内源性大麻素和合成大麻素类似物。大麻素1型（CB1）和2型（CB2）受体已从哺乳动物细胞中分离并鉴定。通过大麻素受体和非受体信号通路，大麻素对肿瘤细胞表现出特定的细胞毒性，同时保护健康组织免于凋亡。已经在大量癌细胞系上研究了大麻素的双重抗增殖和促凋亡作用以及相关信号通路。大麻素对肿瘤异种移植也显示出强大的抗癌活性，包括对标准化疗具有高抗性的肿瘤。很少有研究调查大麻素与标准肿瘤疗法可能的协同作用，并且这些研究基于临床前已证实的“大麻素增敏剂”概念。此外，旨在确认大麻素抗肿瘤活性的临床试验仅在少数受试者上进行评估，关于其有效性尚无共识结论。
已经发现、开发并使用了大量大麻素化合物来研究大麻素在模型系统中对癌症的影响。然而，关于大麻素用于人类癌症治疗的临床试验很少。进一步的研究需要广泛监测大麻素单独使用或与标准抗癌策略联合使用的效果。有了这些知识，大麻素可能成为当代肿瘤学的首选治疗方法。
