Department of Physiology, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Aug 11;9(8):864. doi: 10.3390/nu9080864.
Robust and balanced gut microbiota are required to support health and growth. Overgrowth of gut microbial or pathogens can change ecosystem balance, and compromise gut integrity to initiate gastrointestinal (GI) complications. There is no safe and effective modality against coccidiosis. Antibiotic additives routinely fed to food animals to protect against infection, are entered into the food chain, contaminate food products and pass to the consumers.
induced aberrant organisms possess distinct ultrastructure and are tolerated by immunodeficient-animals yet are non-pathogenic, but immunogenic in various strains of chicks to act as a preventive (vaccine) and eliminating the needs for antibiotic additives. cyclophosphamide-immunodeficient and immune-intact-chicks were inoculated with induced aberrant or normal -organisms. Immune-intact-chicks were immunized with escalating-doses of organisms. Aberrant organisms showed distinct ultrastructure with 8-free-sporozoites which lacked sporocysts walls and veils. Immunodeficient-chicks inoculated with normal-organisms developed severe GI complications but tolerated aberrant-organisms ( < 0.001) while they had no detectable antibodies. Naïve-animals challenged with a pathogenic-dose showed GI complications, bloody diarrhea, severe lesions and weight loss. Immune-intact-animals immunized with aberrant forms were protected against high dose normal-pathogenic-challenge infection and gained more weight compared to those immunized with normal-organisms ( < 0.05). Aberrant organisms possess a distinct ultrastructure and are tolerated in immunodeficient-chicks, yet provide novel immune-protection against pathogenic challenges including diarrhea, malnutrition and weight loss in immune-intact-animals to warrant further investigations toward vaccine production.
健康和成长需要稳定而平衡的肠道微生物群。肠道微生物或病原体过度生长会改变生态系统平衡，损害肠道完整性，引发胃肠道（GI）并发症。目前尚无针对球虫病的安全有效的治疗方法。抗生素添加剂通常被添加到饲料中以保护动物免受感染，但这些抗生素会进入食物链，污染食品，并传递给消费者。
诱导的异常生物体具有独特的超微结构，在免疫缺陷动物中可以耐受，但非致病性，而是在各种鸡品系中具有免疫原性，可以作为预防剂（疫苗），从而消除对抗生素添加剂的需求。环磷酰胺免疫缺陷和免疫完整的雏鸡接种诱导的异常或正常生物体。免疫完整的雏鸡用递增剂量的生物体进行免疫。异常生物体表现出独特的超微结构，具有 8 个自由裂殖子，缺乏孢子囊壁和膜。接种正常生物体的免疫缺陷雏鸡出现严重的 GI 并发症，但耐受异常生物体（<0.001），而它们没有检测到抗体。用致病性剂量挑战的新生动物出现 GI 并发症、血性腹泻、严重病变和体重减轻。用异常形式免疫的免疫完整动物对高剂量正常致病性挑战感染具有保护作用，与用正常生物体免疫的动物相比，体重增加更多（<0.05）。异常生物体具有独特的超微结构，在免疫缺陷雏鸡中可以耐受，但在免疫完整的动物中提供了针对致病性挑战的新型免疫保护，包括腹泻、营养不良和体重减轻，值得进一步研究以生产疫苗。
