Miranda Ana, Blanco-Prieto María J, Sousa João, Pais Alberto, Vitorino Carla
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Pharmacometrics Group of the Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
Int J Pharm. 2017 Oct 5;531(1):389-410. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.049. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Tailored nanocarriers have gained huge research focus for brain drug delivery, aimed at combating several neuro-oncological conditions, such as the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The progress of knowledge on the pathogenesis of GBM has allowed identifying the major hurdles for efficient treatment, encompassing biological interfaces (blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumour barrier), specificities of tumour microenvironment, as well as both bulk and glioma stem cell subpopulations. These findings provided new insights into the molecular basis of GBM, being a strong driving force behind development of targeted nanomedicines in this area. Diversified nanoparticles have been designed to target GBM surface markers, overexpressed receptors, aberrant genes and signalling pathways, in addition to contemplating barriers targeting strategies. Among the nanocarriers explored, lipid nanoparticles claim important and unique features, including the versatility in promoting both passive and active drug targeting, making them excellent candidates for brain drug delivery and one of the most appealing to overcome the obstacles of the current GBM treatment.
定制的纳米载体在脑药物递送方面已获得巨大的研究关注，旨在对抗多种神经肿瘤疾病，如多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）。对GBM发病机制的认识进展使得能够确定有效治疗的主要障碍，包括生物界面（血脑屏障和血脑肿瘤屏障）、肿瘤微环境的特异性以及肿瘤主体和胶质瘤干细胞亚群。这些发现为GBM的分子基础提供了新的见解，是该领域靶向纳米药物开发背后的强大驱动力。除了考虑屏障靶向策略外，还设计了多种纳米颗粒来靶向GBM表面标志物、过表达的受体、异常基因和信号通路。在所探索的纳米载体中，脂质纳米颗粒具有重要且独特的特性，包括在促进被动和主动药物靶向方面的多功能性，使其成为脑药物递送的优秀候选者，也是克服当前GBM治疗障碍最具吸引力的方法之一。
