Mak Joelle, Abramsky Tanya, Sijapati Bandita, Kiss Ligia, Zimmerman Cathy
Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Centre for the Study of Labour and Mobility, Social Science Baha, Kathmandu, Nepal.
BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 11;7(8):e015835. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015835.
Growing numbers of people are migrating outside their country for work, and many experience precarious conditions, which have been linked to poor physical and mental health. While international dialogue on human trafficking, forced labour and slavery increases, prevalence data of such experiences remain limited.
Men from Dolakha, Nepal, who had ever migrated outside of Nepal for work were interviewed on their experiences, from predeparture to return (n=194). Forced labour was assessed among those who returned within the past 10 years (n=140) using the International Labour Organization's forced labour dimensions: (1) ; (2) ; and (3) . Forced labour is positive if any one of the dimensions is positive.
Participants had worked in India (34%), Malaysia (34%) and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (29%), working in factories (29%), as labourers/porters (15%) or in skilled employment (12%). Among more recent returnees (n=140), 44% experienced , 71% and 14% . Overall, 73% experienced forced labour during their most recent labour migration.Forced labour was more prevalent among those who had taken loans for their migration (PR 1.23) and slightly less prevalent among those who had migrated more than once (PR 0.87); however the proportion of those who experienced forced labour was still high (67%). Age, destination and duration of stay were associated with only certain dimensions of forced labour.
Forced labour experiences were common during recruitment and at destination. Migrant workers need better advice on assessing agencies and brokers, and on accessing services at destinations. As labour migration from Nepal is not likely to reduce in the near future, interventions and policies at both source and destinations need to better address the challenges migrants face so they can achieve safer outcomes.
越来越多的人出国工作，许多人面临不稳定的状况，这与身心健康不佳有关。虽然关于人口贩运、强迫劳动和奴役的国际对话有所增加，但此类经历的流行数据仍然有限。
对来自尼泊尔多莱卡、曾出国工作的男性进行访谈，了解他们从出发前到返回的经历（n = 194）。使用国际劳工组织的强迫劳动维度对过去10年内返回的人（n = 140）进行强迫劳动评估：（1）；（2）；和（3）。如果任何一个维度为阳性，则强迫劳动为阳性。
参与者曾在印度工作（34%）、马来西亚（34%）和海湾合作委员会国家（29%），从事工厂工作（29%）、担任劳工/搬运工（15%）或从事技术工作（12%）。在最近返回的人中（n = 140），44%经历了，71%经历了，14%经历了。总体而言，73%的人在最近一次劳务移民期间经历了强迫劳动。强迫劳动在那些为移民贷款的人中更为普遍（PR 1.23），在那些不止一次移民的人中略少（PR 0.87）；然而，经历强迫劳动的人的比例仍然很高（67%）。年龄、目的地和停留时间仅与强迫劳动的某些维度相关。
在招聘和目的地，强迫劳动经历很常见。移民工人在评估中介机构和经纪人以及在目的地获取服务方面需要更好的建议。由于尼泊尔的劳务移民在不久的将来不太可能减少，来源地和目的地的干预措施和政策需要更好地应对移民面临的挑战，以便他们能够实现更安全的结果。
需注意，原文中部分维度表述缺失，翻译时保留了原文格式。
