Tarafdar Abhrajyoti, Sinha Alok
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
Environ Manage. 2017 Oct;60(4):784-795. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0920-6. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
A carcinogenic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments was conducted using the probabilistic approach from a national perspective. Published monitoring data of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in soils and sediments at different study points across India were collected and converted to their corresponding BaP equivalent concentrations. These BaP equivalent concentrations were used to evaluate comprehensive cancer risk for two different age groups. Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis were applied to quantify uncertainties of risk estimation. The analysis denotes 90% cancer risk value of 1.770E-5 for children and 3.156E-5 for adults at heavily polluted site soils. Overall carcinogenic risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of India were mostly in acceptance limits. However, the food ingestion exposure route for sediments leads them to a highly risked zone. The 90% risk values from sediments are 7.863E-05 for children and 3.999E-04 for adults. Sensitivity analysis reveals exposure duration and relative skin adherence factor for soil as the most influential parameter of the assessment, followed by BaP equivalent concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For sediments, biota to sediment accumulation factor of fish in terms of BaP is most sensitive on the total outcome, followed by BaP equivalent and exposure duration. Individual exposure route analysis showed dermal contact for soils and food ingestion for sediments as the main exposure pathway. Some specific locations such as surrounding areas of Bhavnagar, Raniganj, Sunderban, Raipur, and Delhi demand potential strategies of carcinogenic risk management and reduction. The current study is probably the first attempt to provide information on the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and sediments across India.
从国家层面采用概率方法对土壤和沉积物中的多环芳烃进行了致癌风险评估。收集了印度不同研究点土壤和沉积物中多环芳烃的已发表监测数据，并将其转换为相应的苯并[a]芘当量浓度。这些苯并[a]芘当量浓度用于评估两个不同年龄组的综合癌症风险。应用蒙特卡洛模拟和敏感性分析来量化风险估计的不确定性。分析表明，在污染严重的场地土壤中，儿童的90%癌症风险值为1.770E-5，成人为3.156E-5。印度土壤中多环芳烃的总体致癌风险大多在可接受范围内。然而，沉积物通过食物摄入的暴露途径使其处于高风险区域。沉积物的90%风险值，儿童为7.863E-05，成人为3.999E-04。敏感性分析表明，土壤的暴露持续时间和相对皮肤附着因子是评估中最具影响力的参数，其次是多环芳烃的苯并[a]芘当量浓度。对于沉积物，以苯并[a]芘计的鱼类生物群到沉积物的累积因子对总体结果最敏感，其次是苯并[a]芘当量和暴露持续时间。个体暴露途径分析表明，土壤的主要暴露途径是皮肤接触，沉积物的主要暴露途径是食物摄入。一些特定地点，如巴夫纳加尔、拉尼甘杰、孙德尔本斯、赖布尔和德里周边地区，需要采取潜在的致癌风险管理和降低策略。本研究可能是首次尝试提供印度土壤和沉积物中多环芳烃致癌风险的信息。
