Dabbs Gretchen R, Zabecki Melissa
Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, 1000 Faner Dr., Mail Code 4502, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA,.
Parkin Archeological State Park, PO Box 1110, Parkin, AR 72373, USA,.
Int J Paleopathol. 2015 Dec;11:12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
Amarna is the archaeological representation of Akhetaten, the short-lived Egyptian capital city of Akhenaten (reign 1352-1336BCE).Five adult males excavated from the South Tombs Cemetery (STC) (total n>400) at Amarna exhibit slot-type fracture lesions of the scapula, and two of these lesions exhibit evidence of active bone remodeling at the time of death.The lesions in question are described and a full differential diagnosis is considered.The differential diagnosis rules out atrophic perforations, scapular foramina, tumors, and occupational and accidental trauma.Given the location, morphology, and surrounding bony changes, these lesions are consistent with sharp force trauma, specifically stabbing.These lesions most likely represent the consequence of corporal punishment in the form of "strokes" accompanied by "open wounds" known from Egyptian literature for punishment of a wide range of civil and criminal activities.Alternatively, several pigs at Amarna show similar wound morphologies of the cranium and scapulae, which have been interpreted by other authors to represent ritualized punishment of the god Seth, who is often represented as a pig.The lesions described here are consistent in morphology and positioning with the swine examples, and may represent further, cross-species, evidence of ritualized punishment at the ancient capital city.
阿玛尔纳是阿肯那顿时期埃及短命首都阿赫塔顿的考古代表。从阿玛尔纳南墓墓地（STC）（总数n>400）发掘出的五名成年男性肩胛骨上有槽型骨折损伤，其中两例损伤在死亡时显示出活跃的骨重塑迹象。对这些损伤进行了描述，并考虑了全面的鉴别诊断。鉴别诊断排除了萎缩性穿孔、肩胛孔、肿瘤以及职业和意外创伤。鉴于损伤的位置、形态和周围骨质变化，这些损伤与锐器伤相符，尤其是刺伤。这些损伤很可能代表了埃及文献中记载的以“鞭打”形式进行体罚并伴有“开放性伤口”的后果，这种体罚用于惩罚各种民事和刑事活动。或者，阿玛尔纳的几头猪颅骨和肩胛骨上也有类似的伤口形态，其他作者将其解释为对常被描绘成猪的塞特神的仪式化惩罚。这里描述的损伤在形态和位置上与猪的例子一致，可能代表了这座古代都城进一步的跨物种仪式化惩罚证据。
