School of Anthropology, Political Science and Sociology, Southern Illinois University, 1000 Faner Dr., Mailcode 4502, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
Int J Paleopathol. 2023 Dec;43:31-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.001. Epub 2023 Sep 19.
This paper provides a brief history of the publication of calcified biological objects and presents one that was present in the grave associated with a mature adult female buried in the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna, Egypt (c. 1353-1332BCE).
Macroscopic examination revealed an ovoid object constructed of concentric layers of a coarse sand-like material oriented around a dense core that lacked evidence of parasites. Microscopic examination revealed the object is composed of densely, yet haphazardly packed, elongated octahedron shaped crystals with no evidence of cellular structures. Basic chemical analysis eliminated calcium carbonate as a constituent material.
Based on comparison with previously published examples from the archaeological and clinical literature and careful differential diagnosis, it is suggested this object is a bladder stone.
A brief discussion of the implications of bladder stones on individual health and broader epidemiological constraints to illustrate the depth such discoveries can bring to our understanding of ancient lived experience concludes the work.
The burial of Ind. 286 was disturbed. The identification of a bladder stone presumes the stone would have been found within the pelvic cavity, which cannot be confirmed. Other graves in the vicinity of this grave were also disturbed. It is unlikely, but still possible, that the stone originated from another grave and was relocated to this grave after disturbance. Full chemical analysis was not possible.
Radiographic and chemical analysis would provide more information to strengthen the certainty of the differential diagnosis.
本文简要介绍了钙化生物物体发表的历史，并介绍了一个存在于埃及阿玛纳南墓中与一位成熟女性遗骸相关的物体（约公元前 1353-1332 年）。
宏观检查显示，该物体为卵形，由一层围绕密集核心的粗砂状物质的同心层构成，核心没有寄生虫的证据。微观检查显示，该物体由密集但杂乱堆积的拉长八面体形状的晶体组成，没有细胞结构的证据。基本化学分析排除了碳酸钙作为组成材料。
通过与考古学和临床文献中以前发表的例子进行比较，并进行仔细的鉴别诊断，建议该物体是膀胱结石。
简要讨论了膀胱结石对个体健康的影响以及对更广泛的流行病学限制的影响，以说明此类发现可以深入了解古代的生活经历。
Ind. 286 的埋葬受到了干扰。膀胱结石的鉴定假定结石会在骨盆腔内被发现，但这无法得到证实。该墓附近的其他坟墓也受到了干扰。虽然不太可能，但仍有可能该石头来自另一个坟墓，并在受到干扰后被重新安置到这个坟墓中。无法进行全面的化学分析。
放射学和化学分析将提供更多信息，以加强鉴别诊断的确定性。
