Moghaddam Negahnaz, Mailler-Burch Simone, Kara Levent, Kanz Fabian, Jackowski Christian, Lösch Sandra
Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Int J Paleopathol. 2015 Dec;11:56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Nov 17.
Trepanation is defined as the intentional perforation of the cranial vault with removal of a piece of skull bone. In Europe, trepanation is known to have been practiced at least since the Neolithic, and it can still be found today in East African native tribes. Two skulls with lesions from the Late Iron Age site Münsingen-Rain (420-240 BC) were investigated. The aim of this study was to analyse the lesions and to determine whether they were caused by surgical interventions. Both individuals were analysed by current morphologic-anthropological methods and radiological examinations were performed with a multislice CT-scanner. Additionally, this work surveys trepanations reported in Switzerland and calculates survival rates. In Switzerland, 34 individuals with trepanations have been published. As a tendency, the survival rate appears to be relatively high from the Neolithic to Late Antiquity but then decreases until Pre-Modern times. The 78% survival rate in Late Iron Age Switzerland indicates that the surgery was often performed successfully. Skull injuries sustained in conflicts could have been a reason for trepanation during the Iron Age.
颅骨钻孔术被定义为有意在颅顶穿孔并移除一块颅骨。在欧洲，已知至少从新石器时代起就已施行颅骨钻孔术，如今在东非本土部落中仍能见到。对来自铁器时代晚期遗址明辛根-莱茵（公元前420 - 240年）的两个有病变的头骨进行了研究。本研究的目的是分析这些病变并确定它们是否由外科手术干预所致。通过当前的形态学 - 人类学方法对这两个人进行了分析，并用多层CT扫描仪进行了放射学检查。此外，这项工作调查了瑞士报道的颅骨钻孔术案例并计算了存活率。在瑞士，已发表了34例有颅骨钻孔术的个体案例。总体而言，从新石器时代到古代晚期，存活率似乎相对较高，但随后一直下降直至近代早期。瑞士铁器时代晚期78%的存活率表明该手术常常成功施行。冲突中遭受的颅骨损伤可能是铁器时代进行颅骨钻孔术的一个原因。
