Katz J L, Goldberg S R
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1986;90(4):461-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00174061.
Squirrel monkeys were trained to press a key under a two-component schedule of food presentation. In the presence of either green or red stimulus lights, the 30th response produced a food pellet (fixed-ratio schedule). During the red stimulus lights (punishment component), the first response of each fixed ratio produced either an IV injection of histamine (100.0 micrograms/kg/inj) or a brief electric shock (3.0 mA). Responding was selectively suppressed in either punishment component. Presession IM administration of chlorpheniramine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), diphenhydramine (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), or pyrilamine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) increased rates of responding punished by histamine but not those punished by electric shock. Presession administration of promethazine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) or tripelennamine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) also increased rates of responding punished by histamine in all subjects and response rates punished by electric shock in one of three subjects. Chlordiazepoxide (3.0-56.0 mg/kg) increased rates of responding punished by either histamine or electric shock. These results suggest that the punishing effects of histamine injection are mediated by H1 receptors and that H1-receptor antagonists increase rates of responding suppressed by punishment only under limited conditions including those in which histamine is the punishing stimulus.
松鼠猴经过训练，在食物呈现的双成分程序下按压按键。在绿色或红色刺激光出现时，第30次反应会产生一粒食物丸（固定比率程序）。在红色刺激光期间（惩罚成分），每个固定比率的第一次反应会产生组胺静脉注射（100.0微克/千克/注射）或短暂电击（3.0毫安）。在任何一个惩罚成分中，反应都被选择性抑制。在实验前肌肉注射氯苯那敏（0.1和0.3毫克/千克）、苯海拉明（1.0和3.0毫克/千克）或吡苄明（0.1和0.3毫克/千克）可提高被组胺惩罚的反应率，但不能提高被电击惩罚的反应率。在实验前给予异丙嗪（0.1 - 3.0毫克/千克）或曲吡那敏（0.1和0.3毫克/千克）也能提高所有受试者被组胺惩罚的反应率，以及三名受试者中的一名被电击惩罚的反应率。氯氮卓（3.0 - 56.0毫克/千克）提高了被组胺或电击惩罚的反应率。这些结果表明，组胺注射的惩罚作用是由H1受体介导的，并且H1受体拮抗剂仅在有限条件下（包括组胺作为惩罚刺激的情况）提高被惩罚抑制的反应率。
