van Solinge Hanna
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), The Hague, Netherlands.
Eur J Ageing. 2013 Nov 27;11(3):261-272. doi: 10.1007/s10433-013-0303-7. eCollection 2014 Sep.
Self-employment among older age groups is rising. A better understanding of the role of self-employment in extending the working lives of individuals is, therefore, relevant from a policy perspective. By bridging the gap in the literature on work/retirement decision-making and entrepreneurship, the present study examines the factors associated with entry into self-employment post-retirement, after a worker has left a regular salaried position. This decision is modelled as a choice between full retirement and prolonged labour force participation, in the form of either a typical wage-providing job or self-employment. Data were derived from the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute Work and Retirement Panel, an ongoing longitudinal survey of older workers (50 years and over) employed by three private sector organisations and employed as civil servants in the Netherlands. These data were then analysed using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The results of this study show that the decision to pursue self-employment is primarily taken by retirees with relatively high levels of financial and human capital (wealth and educational attainment), those possessing entrepreneurial attitudes (high self-efficacy scores) and those who perceive their retirements to be completely involuntary. The results lend support to self-employment being selected as a postretirement path through opportunity rather than out of necessity. The fact that the retirements of the studied population were generally quite early, while not considered involuntary also suggests that the timing of the decision to retire may be driven by the emergence of new (business) opportunities.
老年群体的自主创业率正在上升。因此，从政策角度来看，更好地理解自主创业在延长个人工作寿命方面的作用具有重要意义。通过弥合工作/退休决策与创业方面文献的差距，本研究考察了工人离开固定薪资岗位后退休后进入自主创业的相关因素。这一决策被建模为在完全退休和以典型的提供工资的工作或自主创业形式延长劳动力参与之间的选择。数据来自荷兰跨学科人口研究所工作与退休小组，这是一项对受雇于荷兰三个私营部门组织并担任公务员的老年工人（50岁及以上）进行的持续纵向调查。然后使用多项逻辑回归分析对这些数据进行分析。本研究结果表明，选择自主创业的主要是那些拥有相对较高金融和人力资本水平（财富和教育程度）、具有创业态度（自我效能感得分高）以及认为自己的退休完全是被迫的退休人员。这些结果支持了自主创业是作为一种机会而非出于必要而被选为退休后路径的观点。所研究人群的退休时间普遍较早，虽然不被认为是被迫的，但这也表明退休决策的时机可能是由新的（商业）机会的出现所驱动的。
