Dolberg Pnina, Shiovitz-Ezra Sharon, Ayalon Liat
Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
Eur J Ageing. 2016 Jul 18;13(4):287-297. doi: 10.1007/s10433-016-0391-2. eCollection 2016 Dec.
Both older adult and immigrant populations are at a high risk of loneliness. The current research compares older veteran Israelis to older immigrants who arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union (FSU) after 1989. Early studies have found high levels of loneliness among older FSU immigrants; however, little is known regarding changes in loneliness among this group over time. The present study examines change in loneliness among older FSU immigrants and older veteran Jewish Israelis and its potential predictors. A prospective association between immigrant's status and loneliness over time was examined using the second (2009/2010) and third (2013) waves of SHARE-Israel. The sample consisted of 208 FSU immigrants and 1080 veteran Jewish Israelis. Bivariate analyses indicated that in 2009/2010, older FSU immigrants were significantly lonelier than older veteran Jews, and more disadvantaged on all social and health variables measured. Yet, no significant differences emerged between the two groups with regard to loneliness in 2013. In the adjusted model, older immigrants presented positive change in loneliness (less loneliness over time) compared with veteran Jewish Israelis. Depressive symptoms explained a large part of the variance in change in loneliness. Potential explanations suggest that the long-term psychological adjustment process and the characteristics of the FSU immigrants in Israel as a large and relatively strong immigrant group have served as protective factors with regard to changes in loneliness over time.
老年人和移民群体都面临着较高的孤独风险。当前的研究将以色列老年退伍军人与1989年后从前苏联（FSU）抵达以色列的老年移民进行了比较。早期研究发现FSU老年移民中孤独感程度较高；然而，对于这一群体中孤独感随时间的变化情况却知之甚少。本研究考察了FSU老年移民和以色列老年退伍犹太人群体中孤独感的变化及其潜在预测因素。利用以色列健康、老龄化与退休调查（SHARE-Israel）的第二轮（2009/2010年）和第三轮（2013年）数据，研究了移民身份与孤独感随时间的前瞻性关联。样本包括208名FSU移民和1080名退伍犹太以色列人。双变量分析表明，在2009/2010年，FSU老年移民比老年退伍犹太人明显更孤独，并且在所有测量的社会和健康变量上处于更不利地位。然而，在2013年，两组在孤独感方面没有出现显著差异。在调整模型中，与退伍犹太以色列人相比，老年移民的孤独感呈现出积极变化（随着时间推移孤独感减少）。抑郁症状解释了孤独感变化差异的很大一部分。潜在的解释表明，长期的心理调整过程以及FSU移民在以色列作为一个庞大且相对强大的移民群体的特征，在孤独感随时间变化方面起到了保护作用。
