Wei Xiangying, Lyu Shiheng, Yu Ying, Wang Zonghua, Liu Hong, Pan Dongming, Chen Jianjun
Fujian Univeristy Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China.
Department of Environmental Horticulture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of FloridaApopka, FL, United States.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Jul 28;8:1318. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01318. eCollection 2017.
Air pollution is air contaminated by anthropogenic or naturally occurring substances in high concentrations for a prolonged time, resulting in adverse effects on human comfort and health as well as on ecosystems. Major air pollutants include particulate matters (PMs), ground-level ozone (O), sulfur dioxide (SO), nitrogen dioxides (NO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). During the last three decades, air has become increasingly polluted in countries like China and India due to rapid economic growth accompanied by increased energy consumption. Various policies, regulations, and technologies have been brought together for remediation of air pollution, but the air still remains polluted. In this review, we direct attention to bioremediation of air pollutants by exploiting the potentials of plant leaves and leaf-associated microbes. The aerial surfaces of plants, particularly leaves, are estimated to sum up to 4 × 10 km on the earth and are also home for up to 10 bacterial cells. Plant leaves are able to adsorb or absorb air pollutants, and habituated microbes on leaf surface and in leaves (endophytes) are reported to be able to biodegrade or transform pollutants into less or nontoxic molecules, but their potentials for air remediation has been largely unexplored. With advances in omics technologies, molecular mechanisms underlying plant leaves and leaf associated microbes in reduction of air pollutants will be deeply examined, which will provide theoretical bases for developing leaf-based remediation technologies or phylloremediation for mitigating pollutants in the air.
空气污染是指空气中被人为或自然产生的物质长时间高浓度污染，从而对人类舒适度和健康以及生态系统产生不利影响。主要空气污染物包括颗粒物（PMs）、地面臭氧（O）、二氧化硫（SO）、二氧化氮（NO）和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。在过去三十年中，由于经济快速增长伴随着能源消耗增加，中国和印度等国家的空气污染日益严重。为了治理空气污染，人们采取了各种政策、法规和技术，但空气污染问题仍然存在。在本综述中，我们将注意力转向利用植物叶片及其相关微生物的潜力对空气污染物进行生物修复。据估计，地球上植物的气生表面，尤其是叶片，总面积达4×10平方公里，并且也是多达10个细菌细胞的家园。植物叶片能够吸附或吸收空气污染物，据报道，叶片表面和叶片内（内生菌）栖息的微生物能够将污染物生物降解或转化为毒性较小或无毒的分子，但其在空气修复方面的潜力在很大程度上尚未得到探索。随着组学技术的进步，将深入研究植物叶片及其相关微生物减少空气污染物的分子机制，这将为开发基于叶片的修复技术或植物修复技术以减轻空气中的污染物提供理论依据。
