Recover Injury Research Centre, NHMRC CRE in Recovery Following Road Traffic Injury, Menzies Health Institute QLD, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Australia.
Eur J Pain. 2018 Jan;22(1):94-102. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1093. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
Various conditioned pain modulation (CPM) methodologies have been used to investigate diffuse noxious inhibitory control pain mechanisms in healthy and clinical populations. Occlusion cuff parameters have been poorly studied. We aimed to investigate whether occlusion cuff intensity and/or duration influenced CPM magnitudes. We also investigated the role of physical activity levels on CPM magnitude.
Two studies were performed to investigate the role of intensity and duration of occlusion cuff conditioning stimulus on test stimulus (tibialis anterior pressure pain thresholds). In Study 1, conditioning stimulus intensity of 2/10 or 5/10 (duration <20 s) was evaluated using a paired-samples t-test. In Study 2, duration of 2/10 conditioning stimulus was 3 min. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to investigate the effect of time (0, 1, 2 and 3 min) on CPM magnitude.
In Study 1, 27 healthy volunteers (mean ± SD: 24.9 years (±4.5); eight female) demonstrated that an occlusion cuff applied to the upper arm eliciting 5/10 local pain resulted in a significant (mean ± SD: 17% ± 46%) increase in CPM magnitude, when compared to 2/10 intensity (-3% ± 38%, p = 0.026), whereas in Study 2, 25 healthy volunteers (22.5 years (±2.7); 13 female) demonstrated that 3 min of 2/10 CS intensity did not result in a significant change in CPM (p = 0.21). There was no significant relationship between physical activity levels and CPM in either study (p > 0.22).
This study demonstrated that an occlusion cuff of 5/10 conditioning stimulus intensity, when compared to 2/10, significantly increased CPM magnitude. Maintaining 2/10 conditioning stimulus for 3 min did not increase CPM magnitude.
Dysfunctional conditioned pain modulation (CPM) has been associated with poor health outcomes. Various factors can influence CPM outcomes. The role of occlusion cuff conditioning stimulus intensity and duration has not been previously investigated. Intensity (5/10), but not duration of lower intensity (2/10) conditioning stimulus, affects CPM magnitude.
各种条件性疼痛调制（CPM）方法已被用于研究健康人群和临床人群中的弥漫性伤害性抑制控制疼痛机制。闭塞袖带参数研究甚少。本研究旨在探讨闭塞袖带强度和/或持续时间是否影响 CPM 幅度。我们还研究了身体活动水平对 CPM 幅度的作用。
进行了两项研究，以探讨闭塞袖带刺激条件的强度和持续时间对测试刺激（胫骨前压力疼痛阈值）的影响。在研究 1 中，使用配对样本 t 检验评估了 2/10 或 5/10（持续时间<20 s）的条件刺激强度。在研究 2 中，2/10 条件刺激的持续时间为 3 分钟。使用单向重复测量方差分析研究时间（0、1、2 和 3 分钟）对 CPM 幅度的影响。
在研究 1 中，27 名健康志愿者（平均±标准差：24.9 岁（±4.5）；8 名女性）表明，在上臂施加引起 5/10 局部疼痛的闭塞袖带会导致 CPM 幅度显著增加（平均±标准差：17%±46%），与 2/10 强度相比（-3%±38%，p=0.026），而在研究 2 中，25 名健康志愿者（22.5 岁（±2.7）；13 名女性）表明，3 分钟的 2/10 CS 强度不会导致 CPM 发生显著变化（p=0.21）。在这两项研究中，身体活动水平与 CPM 之间均无显著关系（p>0.22）。
本研究表明，与 2/10 相比，5/10 条件刺激强度的闭塞袖带可显著增加 CPM 幅度。维持 2/10 刺激 3 分钟不会增加 CPM 幅度。
功能失调的条件性疼痛调制（CPM）与不良健康结果相关。各种因素会影响 CPM 结果。闭塞袖带刺激条件的强度和持续时间的作用尚未得到先前的研究。强度（5/10），而不是较低强度（2/10）的持续时间，会影响 CPM 幅度。
