Fois Alessandro F, Briceño Hugo M, Fung Victor S C
Movement Disorders Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Movement Disorders Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017;134:1373-1396. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.010. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
Tremor, like dystonia, is a term used at the phenomenological, syndromic, and aetiopathological level. Parkinsonian, essential, and dystonic tremor are the three most common tremor diagnoses encountered in clinical practice. Investigation of nonmotor symptoms in essential tremor and dystonic tremor syndromes is significantly hampered by the lack of clear clinical diagnostic criteria for these groups at a syndromic level, and the absence of biomarkers which allow definitive diagnosis at an aetiopathological level. Much work is needed in clarifying the motor features of these disorders in order to allow delineation of the nonmotor features of the most common tremor syndromes. With this limitation in mind, this chapter reviews what is known about nonmotor symptoms in these two tremor types. The final sections deal with nonmotor symptoms observed in patients with lesional tremor, thankfully a much more clearly defined albeit less common group of patients.
震颤，与肌张力障碍一样，是一个在现象学、综合征学及病因病理学层面使用的术语。帕金森病性震颤、特发性震颤和肌张力障碍性震颤是临床实践中最常遇到的三种震颤诊断类型。在特发性震颤和肌张力障碍性震颤综合征中，非运动症状的研究受到显著阻碍，原因在于在综合征层面缺乏针对这些群体的明确临床诊断标准，且缺乏能够在病因病理学层面进行确诊的生物标志物。为了能够描绘出最常见震颤综合征的非运动特征，在阐明这些疾病的运动特征方面仍有许多工作要做。鉴于这一局限性，本章回顾了关于这两种震颤类型中非运动症状的已知情况。最后几节讨论了在病损性震颤患者中观察到的非运动症状，所幸这是一组定义更明确但病例较少的患者。
