Horn N, Miller G, Ajuwon K M, Adeola O
J Anim Sci. 2017 Aug;95(8):3579-3590. doi: 10.2527/jas.2017.1545.
Compounds in garlic have been shown to contain anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune modulatory properties that may be able to mitigate the effects of nursery pig stressors. The objective of the current experiment was to determine if oral gavage of garlic-derived diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) could mitigate the effects of a 24-h postweaning feed + water deprivation event in nursery pigs. Pigs (6.0 ± 0.05 kg and 21 d old) were allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design at weaning with 8 replicate pens per treatment that consisted of with or without a 24-h postweaning feed + water deprivation event and with or without an oral gavage containing 3.6 mg DADS + DATS/kg BW. Growth performance and morbidity were recorded throughout the experiment, and on 1, 6, and 21 d after weaning, 1 pig per pen was selected, blood was collected, the pig was euthanized, and a segment of the distal ileum was subsequently excised for morphological and gene and protein expression measurements. Mucosal gene expression was conducted by reverse transcription PCR for immune, antioxidant, and cellular integrity markers. Furthermore, activity of mucosal superoxide dismutase was measured by colorimetric assay. Immediately following the feed + water deprivation event, there was a decrease ( < 0.01) in growth performance and an increase ( = 0.01) in serum cortisol. The feed + water deprivation event tended ( = 0.10) to decrease ileal villus height and supplementation of DADS + DATS by oral gavage increased ( = 0.03) villus height 1 d after weaning. Supplementation of DADS + DATS by oral gavage decreased ( = 0.03) and tended to decrease ( = 0.08) gene expression of on 6 and 21 d after weaning, respectively. Furthermore, at 1 d after weaning, ileal mucosa SOD activity was decreased ( = 0.01) by the feed + water deprivation and increased ( = 0.04) by oral supplementation of DADS + DATS. Expression of the tight junction genes and were reduced ( ≤ 0.05) due to the feed + water deprivation event 1 d after weaning. Results from the current study show that an acute feed + water deprivation event can impact growth performance, intestinal characteristics, and antioxidant status in nursery pigs, which can be partially mitigated by oral supplementation of garlic compounds DADS + DATS.
大蒜中的化合物已被证明具有抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节特性，可能能够减轻保育猪应激源的影响。本实验的目的是确定口服灌喂大蒜衍生的二烯丙基二硫化物（DADS）和二烯丙基三硫化物（DATS）是否能减轻保育猪断奶后24小时禁食禁水事件的影响。仔猪（6.0±0.05千克，21日龄）在断奶时按随机完全区组设计分为4个处理组，每个处理组有8个重复栏，处理包括有无断奶后24小时禁食禁水事件以及有无口服灌喂含3.6毫克DADS + DATS/千克体重的溶液。在整个实验过程中记录生长性能和发病率，在断奶后1、6和21天，每个栏选1头猪，采集血液，对猪实施安乐死，随后切除一段回肠末端用于形态学、基因和蛋白质表达测量。通过逆转录PCR对免疫、抗氧化和细胞完整性标志物进行黏膜基因表达分析。此外，通过比色法测定黏膜超氧化物歧化酶的活性。在禁食禁水事件后，生长性能下降（P<0.01），血清皮质醇升高（P = 0.01）。禁食禁水事件有降低回肠绒毛高度的趋势（P = 0.10），断奶后1天口服灌喂DADS + DATS可增加绒毛高度（P = 0.03）。断奶后6天和21天，口服灌喂DADS + DATS分别降低（P = 0.03）和有降低趋势（P = 0.08）相关基因的表达。此外，断奶后1天，禁食禁水使回肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶活性降低（P = 0.01），口服补充DADS + DATS使其升高（P = 0.04）。断奶后1天，禁食禁水事件使紧密连接基因的表达降低（P≤0.05）。本研究结果表明，急性禁食禁水事件会影响保育猪的生长性能、肠道特征和抗氧化状态，口服补充大蒜化合物DADS + DATS可部分缓解这些影响。
