UR 03AGRO1 Ecosystèmes et Ressources Aquatiques, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia; UMR 6539 Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
UMR 985 Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jan 1;610-611:298-307. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.067. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
The Gulf of Gabes is one of the most productive fishery areas in the southern Mediterranean Sea. It is archetypal of an ecosystem in which the effects of fisheries are most pronounced. Demersal trawling is the main fishing activity in the Gulf of Gabes. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to assess the environmental performance landing 1t of seafood with wooden demersal trawlers in the Gulf of Gabes. Impact categories included in the study were abiotic depletion potential (ADP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), photochemical oxidant formation potential (POFP), human toxicity potential (HTP), marine eco-toxicity potential (METP), terrestrial eco-toxicity potential (TETP), land occupation potential (LOP), and total cumulative energy demand (TCED). Demersal trawlers were classified based on their impact intensity. Results showed that 70% of the vessels had relatively low impacts. Impact intensity was proportional to the amount of fuel consumed to land 1t of seafood. Ships that fished less had the highest impacts per ton, due to lower fishing effort and catch per unit effort. This is likely to typify vessels that target highly valuable species such as shrimp. Onboard vessel activities contributed most to different environmental impacts (AP, EP, GWP and POFP), related to the high energy use of this fishery. Several impacts (ADP, ODP, METP, LOP and TCED) were associated mainly with fuel and lubricating oil production. Therefore, improvements must focus on minimizing fuel consumption. LCA is a valuable tool for assessing how to increase environmental sustainability of demersal trawling and it can help stakeholders identify the main operational issues that require improvement.
加贝斯湾是地中海南部产量最高的渔业区之一。它是一个典型的生态系统，渔业对其影响最为显著。底拖网捕捞是加贝斯湾的主要捕捞活动。本研究应用生命周期评估（LCA）来评估在加贝斯湾使用木制底拖网捕捞 1 吨海鲜的环境绩效。研究中包括的影响类别有非生物资源消耗潜力（ADP）、酸化潜力（AP）、富营养化潜力（EP）、全球变暖潜势（GWP）、臭氧消耗潜势（ODP）、光化学氧化剂形成潜力（POFP）、人类毒性潜势（HTP）、海洋生态毒性潜势（METP）、陆地生态毒性潜势（TETP）、土地占用潜势（LOP）和总累计能源需求（TCED）。底拖网渔船根据其影响强度进行分类。结果表明，70%的船只影响相对较低。影响强度与捕捞 1 吨海鲜所需的燃料量成正比。捕捞量较少的船只每单位捕捞量的影响最大，这是由于捕捞努力和渔获量单位捕捞努力量较低。这可能是针对虾等高价值物种的船只的典型特征。船上活动对不同的环境影响（AP、EP、GWP 和 POFP）贡献最大，这与该渔业的高能耗有关。一些影响（ADP、ODP、METP、LOP 和 TCED）主要与燃料和润滑油的生产有关。因此，必须注重减少燃料消耗。LCA 是评估如何提高底拖网捕捞环境可持续性的有用工具，它可以帮助利益相关者确定需要改进的主要运营问题。
