Schadenhofer Petra, Kundi Michael, Abrahamian Heidemarie, Stummer Harald, Kautzky-Willer Alexandra
Medical University of Vienna - Gender Medicine Unit, Vienna, Austria.
Medical University of Vienna - Centre for Public Health, Institute for Environmental Health, Vienna, Austria.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2018 Mar;32(1):335-345. doi: 10.1111/scs.12467. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), hospitals represent a work environment with high job strain. Prolonged perceived occupational stress may result in symptoms of burnout, such as emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). Understanding which factors may reduce vulnerability for burnout is an important requirement for well-targeted occupational stress prevention in mental hospital staff.
To identify the influence of gender, age, working field, family structure, education, voluntarily occupational training during holidays and length of stay on job on occupational stress perception.
In a cross-sectional design, 491 employees (311 female, 180 male) of an Austrian mental health centre participated in the study. The extent of perceived occupational stress was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with the scales for emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. Participants were divided according to their working field in those working with/without patients.
Prevalence of emotional exhaustion was higher in women working with patients compared to men working with patients (25% vs. 18%, p = 0.003). Age above 45 years was significantly associated with decreased vulnerability for burnout in men (EE p = 0.040, DP p = 0.010, PA p = 0.007), but not in women. A lower level of education had a significant impact on depersonalisation in both sexes (p = 0.001 for men, p = 0.048 for women). Length of stay on job showed a significant influence on emotional exhaustion. No significant relationship was found between family structure and vulnerability for burnout.
Gender had a differential effect on perceived occupational stress indicating a need for gender-tailored preventive strategies. Age, working field, education, voluntarily occupational training during holidays and length of stay on job affect vulnerability for burnout in mental hospital staff.
根据欧洲工作安全与健康局（EU - OSHA）的数据，医院是一个工作压力较大的工作环境。长期感知到的职业压力可能会导致倦怠症状，如情感耗竭（EE）、去人格化（DP）和个人成就感降低（PA）。了解哪些因素可以降低倦怠易感性是精神科医院工作人员有针对性地预防职业压力的重要要求。
确定性别、年龄、工作领域、家庭结构、教育程度、节假日自愿参加职业培训以及在职时长对职业压力感知的影响。
采用横断面设计，奥地利一家心理健康中心的491名员工（311名女性，180名男性）参与了该研究。使用马氏倦怠量表（MBI）的情感耗竭、去人格化和个人成就感量表评估职业压力感知程度。参与者根据工作领域分为与患者接触/不接触患者的两组。
与接触患者的男性相比，接触患者的女性情感耗竭患病率更高（25%对18%，p = 0.003）。45岁以上的年龄与男性倦怠易感性降低显著相关（EE p = 0.040，DP p = 0.010，PA p = 0.007），但与女性无关。较低的教育水平对男女的去人格化均有显著影响（男性p = 0.001，女性p = 0.048）。在职时长对情感耗竭有显著影响。未发现家庭结构与倦怠易感性之间存在显著关系。
性别对职业压力感知有不同影响，表明需要针对性别的预防策略。年龄、工作领域、教育程度、节假日自愿参加职业培训以及在职时长会影响精神科医院工作人员的倦怠易感性。
