Ren Fengling, Zhang Xubo, Liu Jian, Sun Nan, Wu Lianhai, Li Zhongfang, Xu Minggang
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing, 100081, China.
Key Lab. of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 14;7(1):8123. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07793-6.
Application of manure has been recommended as an effective strategy to to mitigate climate change. However, the magnitude of greenhouse gases emission derived by application of manure to agricultural soils across environmental conditions still remains unclear. Here, we synthesized data from 379 observations in China and quantified the responses of soil nitrous oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) emissions to manure (Org-M) in comparison to chemical fertilizers (Min-F) or non-fertilizers (Non-F). The results showed that NO, CO and CH emissions were significantly affected by Org-M compared to Min-F (percentage change: -3, +15 and +60%, P < 0.05) and Non-F (percentage change: +289, +84 and +83%, P < 0.05), respectively. However, at the same amount of total N input, Org-M decreased soil NO emission by 13% and CH emission by 12%, and increased soil CO emission by 26% relative to Min-F in upland soils. For paddy soils, NO, CO and CH emissions differed by -3%, -36% and +84% between Org-M and Min-F (i.e., Org-M minus Min-F). Thus, practices such as application of manure instead of chemical fertilizer and decreasing nitrogen input rate need to be highly considered and optimized under different soils and climate conditions to mitigate GHGs emission in China.
施用粪肥被认为是缓解气候变化的有效策略。然而，在不同环境条件下，向农业土壤施用粪肥所产生的温室气体排放量仍不明确。在此，我们综合了来自中国的379项观测数据，并与化肥（无机肥）或不施肥（无肥）相比，量化了土壤一氧化二氮（N₂O）、二氧化碳（CO₂）和甲烷（CH₄）排放对粪肥（有机肥）的响应。结果表明，与无机肥相比，有机肥对N₂O、CO₂和CH₄排放有显著影响（变化百分比：-3%、+15%和+60%，P<0.05），与无肥相比也有显著影响（变化百分比：+289%、+84%和+83%，P<0.05）。然而，在总氮投入量相同的情况下，相对于旱地土壤中的无机肥，有机肥使土壤N₂O排放量降低了13%，CH₄排放量降低了12%，CO₂排放量增加了26%。对于水稻土，有机肥和无机肥之间的N₂O、CO₂和CH₄排放量差异分别为-3%、-36%和+84%（即有机肥减去无机肥）。因此，在中国不同土壤和气候条件下，需要高度重视并优化诸如施用粪肥而非化肥以及降低氮投入率等措施，以减少温室气体排放。
