Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Nanoscale. 2017 Aug 31;9(34):12218-12230. doi: 10.1039/c7nr05166b.
Nano- and micromotors are machines that can be made to perform specialized tasks as they propel themselves in response to certain stimuli. While the design of these self-propelling nano- and micromotors remains challenging, they have nevertheless attracted considerable research due to their many promising applications. Most self-propelled nano- and micromotors are based on the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical movement. Recently, however, the development of motors that can be propelled by light as an external stimulus has received much attention. The reason being that light is a renewable energy source that does not require any physical connection to the motor, does not usually lead to any waste products, and is easy to control. This review highlights recent progress in the development of light-harvesting synthetic motors that can be efficiently propelled and accurately controlled by exposure to light, and gives an overview of their fabrication methods, propulsion mechanisms, and practical applications.
纳米和微米马达是一种能够在特定刺激下自行推进并执行特定任务的机器。尽管这些自推进纳米和微米马达的设计仍然具有挑战性，但由于它们具有许多有前途的应用，因此仍然引起了相当多的研究关注。大多数自推进纳米和微米马达都是基于将化学能转化为机械运动。然而，最近，能够通过光作为外部刺激来推动的马达的发展受到了广泛关注。原因是光作为一种可再生能源，不需要与马达有任何物理连接，通常不会产生任何废物，并且易于控制。这篇综述重点介绍了最近在开发可以通过光高效推进和精确控制的光收集合成马达方面的进展，并概述了它们的制造方法、推进机制和实际应用。
