微纳机器人技术路线图

Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.

作者信息

Ju Xiaohui, Chen Chuanrui, Oral Cagatay M, Sevim Semih, Golestanian Ramin, Sun Mengmeng, Bouzari Negin, Lin Xiankun, Urso Mario, Nam Jong Seok, Cho Yujang, Peng Xia, Landers Fabian C, Yang Shihao, Adibi Azin, Taz Nahid, Wittkowski Raphael, Ahmed Daniel, Wang Wei, Magdanz Veronika, Medina-Sánchez Mariana, Guix Maria, Bari Naimat, Behkam Bahareh, Kapral Raymond, Huang Yaxin, Tang Jinyao, Wang Ben, Morozov Konstantin, Leshansky Alexander, Abbasi Sarmad Ahmad, Choi Hongsoo, Ghosh Subhadip, Borges Fernandes Bárbara, Battaglia Giuseppe, Fischer Peer, Ghosh Ambarish, Jurado Sánchez Beatriz, Escarpa Alberto, Martinet Quentin, Palacci Jérémie, Lauga Eric, Moran Jeffrey, Ramos-Docampo Miguel A, Städler Brigitte, Herrera Restrepo Ramón Santiago, Yossifon Gilad, Nicholas James D, Ignés-Mullol Jordi, Puigmartí-Luis Josep, Liu Yutong, Zarzar Lauren D, Shields C Wyatt, Li Longqiu, Li Shanshan, Ma Xing, Gracias David H, Velev Orlin, Sánchez Samuel, Esplandiu Maria Jose, Simmchen Juliane, Lobosco Antonio, Misra Sarthak, Wu Zhiguang, Li Jinxing, Kuhn Alexander, Nourhani Amir, Maric Tijana, Xiong Ze, Aghakhani Amirreza, Mei Yongfeng, Tu Yingfeng, Peng Fei, Diller Eric, Sakar Mahmut Selman, Sen Ayusman, Law Junhui, Sun Yu, Pena-Francesch Abdon, Villa Katherine, Li Huaizhi, Fan Donglei Emma, Liang Kang, Huang Tony Jun, Chen Xiang-Zhong, Tang Songsong, Zhang Xueji, Cui Jizhai, Wang Hong, Gao Wei, Kumar Bandari Vineeth, Schmidt Oliver G, Wu Xianghua, Guan Jianguo, Sitti Metin, Nelson Bradley J, Pané Salvador, Zhang Li, Shahsavan Hamed, He Qiang, Kim Il-Doo, Wang Joseph, Pumera Martin

机构信息

Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.

The Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.

出版信息

ACS Nano. 2025 Jul 15;19(27):24174-24334. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5c03911. Epub 2025 Jun 27.

DOI:10.1021/acsnano.5c03911

PMID:40577644

Abstract

Inspired by Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture and the 1966 film , the field of micro/nanorobots has evolved from science fiction to reality, with significant advancements in biomedical and environmental applications. Despite the rapid progress, the deployment of functional micro/nanorobots remains limited. This review of the technology roadmap identifies key challenges hindering their widespread use, focusing on propulsion mechanisms, fundamental theoretical aspects, collective behavior, material design, and embodied intelligence. We explore the current state of micro/nanorobot technology, with an emphasis on applications in biomedicine, environmental remediation, analytical sensing, and other industrial technological aspects. Additionally, we analyze issues related to scaling up production, commercialization, and regulatory frameworks that are crucial for transitioning from research to practical applications. We also emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address both technical and nontechnical challenges, such as sustainability, ethics, and business considerations. Finally, we propose a roadmap for future research to accelerate the development of micro/nanorobots, positioning them as essential tools for addressing grand challenges and enhancing the quality of life.

摘要

受理查德·费曼1959年讲座和1966年电影的启发，微纳机器人领域已从科幻小说走向现实，在生物医学和环境应用方面取得了重大进展。尽管进展迅速，但功能性微纳机器人的部署仍然有限。本技术路线图综述确定了阻碍其广泛应用的关键挑战，重点关注推进机制、基础理论方面、群体行为、材料设计和具身智能。我们探讨了微纳机器人技术的现状，重点是在生物医学、环境修复、分析传感和其他工业技术方面的应用。此外，我们分析了扩大生产、商业化和监管框架等相关问题，这些对于从研究过渡到实际应用至关重要。我们还强调需要跨学科合作来应对技术和非技术挑战，如可持续性、伦理和商业考量。最后，我们提出了未来研究路线图，以加速微纳机器人的发展，将其定位为应对重大挑战和提高生活质量的重要工具。