职业疗法干预对提高阿尔茨海默病及相关主要神经认知障碍成年人职业表现的有效性：一项系统综述。
Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Interventions to Enhance Occupational Performance for Adults With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Major Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review.
作者信息
Smallfield Stacy, Heckenlaible Cindy
机构信息
Stacy Smallfield, DrOT, OTR/L, BCG, FAOTA, is Assistant Director, Entry-Level Doctoral Program, and Associate Professor of Occupational Therapy and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;
Cindy Heckenlaible, MS, OTR/L, is Inpatient/Outpatient Occupational Therapist, Avera Sacred Heart Hospital, Yankton, SD. At the time of the review, she was Graduate Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of South Dakota, Vermillion.
出版信息
Am J Occup Ther. 2017 Sep/Oct;71(5):7105180010p1-7105180010p9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2017.024752.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions designed to establish, modify, and maintain occupations for adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurocognitive disorders.
METHOD
Titles and abstracts of 2,597 articles were reviewed, of which 256 were retrieved for full review and 52 met inclusion criteria. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force levels of certainty and grade definitions were used to describe the strength of evidence.
RESULTS
Articles were categorized into five themes: occupation-based, sleep, cognitive, physical exercise, and multicomponent interventions. Strong evidence supports the benefits of occupation-based interventions, physical exercise, and error-reduction learning.
CONCLUSION
Occupational therapy practitioners should integrate daily occupations, physical exercise, and error-reduction techniques into the daily routine of adults with AD to enhance occupational performance and delay functional decline. Future research should focus on establishing consensus on types and dosage of exercise and cognitive interventions.
目的
本系统评价的目的是描述旨在为患有阿尔茨海默病（AD）及相关神经认知障碍的成年人建立、改变和维持职业活动的干预措施有效性的证据。
方法
对2597篇文章的标题和摘要进行了审查，其中256篇被检索出来进行全文审查，52篇符合纳入标准。采用美国预防服务工作组的确定性水平和分级定义来描述证据的强度。
结果
文章分为五个主题：基于职业的干预、睡眠、认知、体育锻炼和多成分干预。有力证据支持基于职业的干预、体育锻炼和减少错误学习的益处。
结论
职业治疗从业者应将日常职业活动、体育锻炼和减少错误技术纳入AD成年人的日常生活中，以提高职业表现并延缓功能衰退。未来的研究应侧重于就锻炼和认知干预的类型和剂量达成共识。
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