Department of Biology, Indiana University, 915 E. 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
Department of Biology, Indiana University, 915 E. 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2017 Dec;47:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.07.015. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
Developmental polyphenism affords a single genotype multiple solutions to match an organism to its environment. Because polyphenism is the extreme example of how development deviates from a linear genetic blueprint, it demands a genetic explanation for how environmental cues shunt development to hypothetically alternative modules. We highlight several recent advances that have begun to illuminate genetic mechanisms for polyphenism and how this recurring developmental novelty may arise. An emerging genetic knowledge of polyphenism is providing precise targets for testing hypotheses of how switch mechanisms are built-out of olfactory, nutrient-sensing, hormone-reception, and developmental and genetic buffering systems-to accommodate plasticity. Moreover, classic and new model systems are testing the genetic basis of polyphenism's proposed causal roles in evolutionary change.
发育多态性为单一基因型提供了多种解决方案，使生物体能够适应其环境。由于多态性是发育偏离线性遗传蓝图的极端例子，因此需要对环境线索如何将发育引导到假设的替代模块的遗传解释。我们强调了最近的一些进展，这些进展开始阐明多态性的遗传机制，以及这种反复出现的发育新颖性是如何产生的。对多态性的新兴遗传认识为测试关于开关机制如何从嗅觉、营养感应、激素接收以及发育和遗传缓冲系统中构建出来以适应可塑性的假说提供了精确的目标。此外，经典和新的模型系统正在测试多态性在进化变化中提出的因果作用的遗传基础。
