Lewthwaite Rebecca, Wulf Gabriele
Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center and University of Southern California, USA.
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2017 Aug;16:38-42. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
We review three lines of recent research at an intersection of motor learning and sport psychology as they relate to motor skill acquisition: enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and external attentional focus. Findings within these lines of research have been integrated into a new theory, the OPTIMAL (Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning) theory (i.e., OPTIMAL theory, Wulf and Lewthwaite, 2016), and have been applied in motor skill acquisition and performance. Implications range from more effective skill development in children and novice performers to athletes and performers in many fields, including clinical rehabilitation.
增强期望、自主支持和外部注意焦点。这些研究领域的发现已被整合到一种新理论——OPTIMAL（通过内在动机和学习注意力优化表现）理论（即OPTIMAL理论，伍尔夫和卢思韦特，2016年）中，并已应用于运动技能习得和表现。其影响范围从儿童和新手表演者更有效的技能发展到许多领域的运动员和表演者，包括临床康复。
