Beijing Normal University-College of P.E and Sports, Beijing, China.
Guangdong Country Garden Polytechnic, Qingyuan, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 22;19(8):e0299938. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299938. eCollection 2024.
Free throws serve as a crucial scoring mechanism in basketball games. As the level of basketball and the intensity of competition continue to improve, the frequency of free throw attempts gradually rises. However, with heightened game intensity, maintaining a consistent free throw success rate becomes increasingly challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the eye movement characteristics exhibited by basketball players during free throws of varying intensities, as well as explore the relationship between these eye movement characteristics and free throw percentage.
Twenty elite female basketball players were recruited to perform free throws at varying exercise intensities (low, moderate, and high) while wearing an eye tracker device. Eye tracking data was collected using the Tobii Glasses 3 eye tracker. Additionally, the Polar team pro, a heart rate monitoring system manufactured in Finland, was utilized to monitor participants' heart rates during different exercise intensities.
The average number of fixations on the hoop and net during free throws of varying intensities exhibited statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The fixation durations of the hoop, backboard, and net exhibited statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Notably, the hoop accounted for the highest proportion of the overall average fixation duration. high-intensity free throws necessitate lengthier processing durations compared to low-intensity and medium-intensity free throws. Furthermore, for free throws of moderate intensity, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of fixations on the hoop and free throw percentage (P < 0.05). Conversely, for high intensity free throws, there was a significant positive correlation between the fixation duration on the hoop and free throw percentage (P < 0.05).
Under the three kinds of sports intensity, the players mainly focus on the hoop position, the moderate intensity free throw has the best stability, and the information search strategy and information processing efficiency are the highest. In high intensity free throws, the longer the fixation duration at the hoop, the higher the free throw percentage; The higher the number of fixations at the hoop, the lower the percentage of free throws.
在篮球比赛中，罚球是一种重要的得分机制。随着篮球水平和比赛强度的不断提高，罚球的次数逐渐增加。然而，随着比赛强度的增加，保持稳定的罚球成功率变得越来越具有挑战性。本研究旨在探讨篮球运动员在不同强度的罚球中表现出的眼动特征，并探讨这些眼动特征与罚球命中率之间的关系。
招募了 20 名精英女性篮球运动员，在不同的运动强度（低、中、高）下进行罚球，并佩戴眼动追踪器。使用 Tobii Glasses 3 眼动追踪器收集眼动数据。此外，还使用了芬兰制造的 Polar team pro 心率监测系统来监测参与者在不同运动强度下的心率。
不同强度罚球时，对篮筐和篮网的平均注视次数存在显著差异（P<0.05）。对篮筐、篮板和篮网的注视持续时间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。值得注意的是，篮筐占据了总注视持续时间的最高比例。高强度罚球需要比低强度和中强度罚球更长的处理时间。此外，对于中等强度的罚球，篮筐上的注视次数与罚球命中率呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。相反，对于高强度罚球，篮筐上的注视持续时间与罚球命中率呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。
在三种运动强度下，运动员主要关注篮筐位置，中等强度罚球稳定性最好，信息搜索策略和信息处理效率最高。在高强度罚球中，篮筐的注视时间越长，罚球命中率越高；在篮筐上的注视次数越多，罚球命中率越低。
