Saha Parna, Verma Shreekant, Pathak Rashmi U, Mishra Rakesh K
CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1008:155-198. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5203-3_6.
Following analysis of sequenced genomes and transcriptome of many eukaryotes, it is evident that virtually all protein-coding genes have already been discovered. These advances have highlighted an intriguing paradox whereby the relative amount of protein-coding sequences remain constant but nonprotein-coding sequences increase consistently in parallel to increasing evolutionary complexity. It is established that differences between species map to nonprotein-coding regions of the genome that surprisingly is transcribed extensively. These transcripts regulate epigenetic processes and constitute an important layer of regulatory information essential for organismal development and play a causative role in diseases. The noncoding RNA-directed regulatory circuit controls complex characteristics. Sequence variations in noncoding RNAs influence evolution, quantitative traits, and disease susceptibility. This chapter presents an account on a class of such noncoding transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides (long noncoding RNA-lncRNA) in mammalian development and diseases.
在对许多真核生物的基因组和转录组进行测序分析之后，很明显几乎所有蛋白质编码基因都已被发现。这些进展凸显了一个有趣的悖论，即蛋白质编码序列的相对数量保持不变，但非蛋白质编码序列却随着进化复杂性的增加而持续平行增加。已经确定物种之间的差异映射到基因组的非蛋白质编码区域，令人惊讶的是这些区域被广泛转录。这些转录本调节表观遗传过程，构成了生物体发育所必需的重要调控信息层，并在疾病中发挥致病作用。非编码RNA指导的调控回路控制着复杂的特征。非编码RNA中的序列变异影响进化、数量性状和疾病易感性。本章介绍了一类在哺乳动物发育和疾病中长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码转录本（长链非编码RNA，lncRNA）。
