Voogt P A, den Besten P J, Kusters G C, Messing M W
Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987;86(1):83-9. doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(87)90148-4.
Steroid metabolism was studied in gonads and pyloric caeca of male and female sea stars which had been exposed to cadmium or zinc for 3 weeks. Steroid metabolism had increased in animals exposed to heavy metals. Significant increase of the enzyme activity was observed for 17 alpha-hydroxylase in the pyloric caeca of female animals exposed to zinc (pregnenolone----17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone) or cadmium (progesterone----17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone), for 17 beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase in the gonads of female animals (dehydroepiandrosterone----androstenediol) and in pyloric caeca of male animals (androstenedione----testosterone) after exposure to cadmium, and for 5 alpha-reductase (progesterone----5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione) in ovaries of cadmium exposed sea star. There is some evidence that pregnenolone metabolism in male and female animals is affected by zinc in a different way. The effect of cadmium on the esterification of androstenedione differed highly significantly among male and female animals. It was concluded that the main way of entrance of cadmium into sea stars is via the surrounding medium and not via the food consumed. Testosterone and progesterone levels in, respectively, gonads of female and pyloric caeca of male sea stars which had been exposed to cadmium were significantly higher than the corresponding values in control animals. The effect of zinc exposure on testosterone level in pyloric caeca is significantly different for both sexes. Cadmium interacts directly with the esterification of testosterone, strongly stimulating this process. Cadmium stimulates the production of testosterone by action at the level of the biosynthesis of 17 beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase.
对暴露于镉或锌3周的雄性和雌性海星的性腺和幽门盲囊中的类固醇代谢进行了研究。暴露于重金属的动物的类固醇代谢有所增加。在暴露于锌的雌性动物（孕烯醇酮→17α-羟基孕烯醇酮）或镉的雌性动物（孕酮→17α-羟基孕酮）的幽门盲囊中，观察到17α-羟化酶的酶活性显著增加；在暴露于镉后，雌性动物的性腺（脱氢表雄酮→雄烯二醇）和雄性动物的幽门盲囊（雄烯二酮→睾酮）中，17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶的酶活性显著增加；在暴露于镉的海星的卵巢中，5α-还原酶（孕酮→5α-孕烷-3,20-二酮）的酶活性显著增加。有证据表明，锌对雄性和雌性动物孕烯醇酮代谢的影响方式不同。镉对雄烯二酮酯化的影响在雄性和雌性动物之间差异极显著。得出的结论是，镉进入海星的主要途径是通过周围介质，而不是通过所消耗的食物。暴露于镉的雌性海星性腺和雄性海星幽门盲囊中，睾酮和孕酮水平分别显著高于对照动物的相应值。锌暴露对幽门盲囊中睾酮水平的影响在两性中存在显著差异。镉直接与睾酮的酯化相互作用，强烈刺激这一过程。镉通过作用于17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶的生物合成水平来刺激睾酮的产生。
