[Chemotherapy: from bacteria killer to antitumor agent : A striking transformation in the term over the last century].

The term chemotherapy is more than 100 years old and during this period it has been going through decisive changes in terminology. Initially describing an antibacterial therapy it now is known as a part of the new oncologic therapy. Those upheavels and their causes are represented. Conclusively, the evolution of the urooncologic chemotherapy is briefly outlined.