Yang Wan-Zhen, Kang Chuan-Zhi, Ji Rui-Feng, Zhou L I, Wang Sheng, Li Zhen-Hao, Ma Zhong-Hua, Guo Lan-Ping
The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica-Infinitus (China) Joint Laboratory Herbs Quality Research，Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2017 Jun;42(12):2284-2290. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2017.0108.
Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides nine pesticide Maximum Residual Limits(MRLs) of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), The number of pesticides used in production are far more than those listed in pharmacopoeia. The lack of the standards make it's hard to reflect the real situation of pesticide residues in TCMs correctly. The paper is aimed to analyze the data of pesticide residues in TCMs from 7 089 items in 140 reports, and judging the exceedance rate of pesticides in TCMs using the MRLs of European pharmacopoeia，which is widely accepted in many countries. The results show that：①Pesticide residues in 18 kinds of TCMs are higher than MRLs，while in 137 kinds are below MRLs, such as Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus. The average exceedance rate of all TCMs is 1.72%. The average exceedance rates of organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid are 2.26%, 1.51%, 0.37%，respectively. ②The average exceedance rate of pesticides is 2.00%, and the exceedance rate is more than 5%, accounting for 8.33%, the exceedance rate is between 1%-5%, accounting for 18.75%. the exceedance rate is between 0%-1%, accounting for 18.75%. The remaining 29 kinds of pesticides were not exceeded, accounting for 60.42%.Some reports like Greenpeace's organization exaggerated the pesticide residues in TCMs.But the pesticide residue question is still worthy of attention, so we proposed to amend the Chinese Pharmacopoeia pesticide residues standards, to increase the pesticide species of traditional Chinese medicine in production on the basis of retaining the existing types of pesticide residues, to strengthen the system research of pesticide residues in TCMs, providing a basis for making standard and promoting import and export trade in TCMs.
《中国药典》规定了9种中药材的农药最大残留限量（MRLs），但生产中使用的农药种类远多于药典所列。标准的缺失使得难以正确反映中药材中农药残留的实际情况。本文旨在分析140篇报告中7089个中药材农药残留数据，并用在许多国家广泛接受的欧洲药典MRLs来判断中药材中农药的超标率。结果表明：①18种中药材的农药残留高于MRLs，137种低于MRLs，如白术、薄荷和浙贝母。所有中药材的平均超标率为1.72%。有机氯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯的平均超标率分别为2.26%、1.51%、0.37%。②农药平均超标率为2.00%，超标率大于5%的占8.33%，超标率在1%-5%之间的占18.75%，超标率在0%-1%之间的占18.75%。其余29种农药未超标，占60.42%。绿色和平组织等一些报告夸大了中药材中的农药残留。但农药残留问题仍值得关注，因此我们建议修订《中国药典》农药残留标准，在保留现有农药残留种类的基础上增加中药材生产中的农药种类，加强中药材农药残留的系统研究，为制定标准和促进中药材进出口贸易提供依据。
