Grindlay Kate, Turyakira Eleanor, Kyamwanga Imelda T, Nickerson Adrianne, Blanchard Kelly
associate, Ibis Reproductive Health, Cambridge, MA, USA,
Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2016 Sep 1;42(3):141-150. doi: 10.1363/42e2016.
Little is known about the impact of contraceptive stockouts on women and health care providers, or how policymakers perceive and handle such stockouts.
In May-July 2015, a qualitative study on experiences of contraceptive stockouts was conducted in two districts of Uganda. It comprised three data collection components: eight focus groups with 50 women, 24 individual in-depth interviews with family planning service providers and facility managers, and 11 in-depth interviews with district-level policymakers and decision makers. Data analysis followed the content analysis approach.
Contraceptive stockouts were common, particularly for long-term methods and oral contraceptives. For women, the consequences included stress, increased costs, domestic conflict, and unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. Providers reported emotional distress, blame from clients, deterioration of skills and lower demand for their services as a result of stockouts; they also felt unable to address stockouts under current supply systems. Despite the widespread prevalence and adverse impact of stockouts, policymakers reported being unaware of the scope of the problem.
The findings suggest there is a critical need to raise awareness of the issue, reduce stockouts and mitigate their negative consequences. Efforts to eliminate stockouts should include addressing supply chain issues. Raising community awareness and engaging with men on family planning may be ways to deal with the consequences of stockouts.
关于避孕药具缺货对女性和医疗服务提供者的影响，以及政策制定者如何看待和处理此类缺货情况，目前所知甚少。
2015年5月至7月，在乌干达的两个地区开展了一项关于避孕药具缺货经历的定性研究。该研究包括三个数据收集部分：与50名女性进行的8个焦点小组讨论、对计划生育服务提供者和机构管理人员进行的24次个人深入访谈，以及对地区级政策制定者和决策者进行的11次深入访谈。数据分析采用内容分析法。
避孕药具缺货情况很常见，尤其是长效避孕方法和口服避孕药。对女性来说，后果包括压力、成本增加、家庭冲突以及意外怀孕或计划外怀孕。提供者报告称，缺货导致他们情绪困扰、受到客户指责、技能退化以及服务需求降低；他们还感到在当前供应系统下无法解决缺货问题。尽管缺货情况普遍且有不利影响，但政策制定者报告称并未意识到问题的严重程度。
研究结果表明，迫切需要提高对该问题的认识，减少缺货情况并减轻其负面后果。消除缺货的努力应包括解决供应链问题。提高社区意识并让男性参与计划生育可能是应对缺货后果的方法。
