Davidson Colin, Opacka-Juffry Jolanta, Arevalo-Martin Angel, Garcia-Ovejero Daniel, Molina-Holgado Eduardo, Molina-Holgado Francisco
School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom.
Health Science Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom.
Adv Pharmacol. 2017;80:135-168. doi: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.05.001. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Recreational use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCB), a class of novel psychoactive substances is an increasing public health problem specifically in Western societies, with teenagers, young adults, and the prison population being the most affected. Some of these SCB are analogs of tetrahydrocannabinol, aminoalkylindoles, and other phytocannabinoid analogs have been detected in herbal preparations generically called "Spice." Spice, "K2" or "fake cannabis" is a general term used for variable herbal mixtures of unknown ingredients or chemical composition. SCB are highly potent CB cannabinoid receptor agonists falsely marketed and sold as safe and legal drugs. Here, we present an overview of the endocannabinoid system, CB, and SCB chemical structures and activity at CB receptors. Finally, we highlight the psychological effects of SCB, particularly on learning and memory, and adverse clinical effects including on the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and CNS, including psychosis. Taken together, it is clear that many SCB are extremely dangerous and a major public health problem.
合成大麻素（SCB）作为一类新型精神活性物质，其娱乐性使用正成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，尤其在西方社会，青少年、年轻人和监狱人群受影响最大。其中一些SCB是四氢大麻酚的类似物，在通常被称为“香料”的草药制剂中已检测到氨基烷基吲哚和其他植物大麻素类似物。香料、“K2”或“假大麻”是一个通用术语，用于指代成分或化学成分未知的各种草药混合物。SCB是强效的CB大麻素受体激动剂，被虚假宣传和销售为安全合法的药物。在此，我们概述内源性大麻素系统、CB以及SCB在CB受体上的化学结构和活性。最后，我们强调SCB的心理效应，特别是对学习和记忆的影响，以及包括对心血管系统、肾脏和中枢神经系统（包括精神病）的不良临床效应。综上所述，很明显许多SCB极其危险，是一个重大的公共卫生问题。
