Ramezanzadeh Mahboubeh, Khosravi Sharifeh, Salehi Rasoul
Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 751463341, Iran.
Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81744-176, Iran.
Adv Biomed Res. 2017 Jul 28;6:89. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.211800. eCollection 2017.
From the discovery of cell-free fetal (cff)-DNA in 1997 so far, many studies have been performed on various aspects of cff-nucleic acid. It is undoubted that currently, invasive prenatal diagnosis progresses to the noninvasive test. However, there are many problems. One of the most challenging issues in this field is differentiation and detection of the small amount of cff-nucleic acid in maternal plasma. Many markers and methods have been used for this purpose. This review makes an attempt to review and compare the studies in the field. Six identifier markers including Y-specific sequence, polymorphisms, epigenetic difference, DNA size difference, fetal mRNA, and microRNA as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each marker are discussed. This review provides a relatively perfect set on cff-nucleic acid biomarkers in various physiological and pathological status of pregnancy, helping to review and compare the prior obtained results, and improving designation in future studies.
自1997年发现游离胎儿（cff）-DNA以来，针对cff-核酸的各个方面已经开展了许多研究。毫无疑问，目前侵入性产前诊断正在向非侵入性检测发展。然而，存在许多问题。该领域最具挑战性的问题之一是母血中少量cff-核酸的鉴别和检测。为此已经使用了许多标志物和方法。本综述试图对该领域的研究进行回顾和比较。讨论了包括Y特异性序列、多态性、表观遗传差异、DNA大小差异、胎儿mRNA和微小RNA在内的六种识别标志物以及每种标志物的优缺点。本综述提供了一套关于妊娠各种生理和病理状态下cff-核酸生物标志物的相对完善的内容，有助于回顾和比较先前获得的结果，并改进未来研究中的设计。
