Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN 46556, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2017 Oct 30;46(21):6600-6620. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00391a.
The rational design of drug delivery approaches leveraging supramolecular chemistry (i.e., "chemistry beyond the molecule") has garnered significant interest in recent years toward improving therapeutics. By using specific, dynamic, and tunable non-covalent interactions, engineered approaches to drug delivery can be realized. Certain benefits to this approach are molecular-level control of composition, improved routes for incorporating and targeting drugs, and new strategies to create delivery devices that respond to a variety of physiologic indicators. Some of the most recognizable supramolecular motifs - macrocyclic host-guest complexes - afford logical application to drug delivery in using drug as guest. The use of supramolecular motifs may further give rise to materials for the controlled encapsulation and release of therapeutics. Furthermore, given the majority of supramolecular motifs in water are directed by hydrophobic interactions, cooperative delivery strategies can be realized. The modularity of supramolecular interactions also facilitates opportunities to combine multiple drugs within one delivery platform, as well as the facile incorporation of targeting units. In sum, supramolecular design offers ample opportunity to improve the precision of pharmaceutical practice. In the context of clinical translation, features of supramolecular design may prove additionally advantageous, specifically in enabling quantitative drug loading, molecularly discrete delivery devices, and a priori knowledge of carrier degradation and clearance mechanisms. As such, the design opportunities afforded by supramolecular chemistry will play a vital role in the future of the drug delivery field.
近年来，利用超分子化学（即“超越分子的化学”）合理设计药物输送方法引起了人们极大的兴趣，以期改善治疗效果。通过利用特定的、动态的和可调的非共价相互作用，可以实现药物输送的工程化方法。这种方法的某些好处包括在分子水平上控制组成、改善药物的掺入和靶向途径，以及创造响应各种生理指标的新型输送装置的新策略。一些最知名的超分子基序 - 大环主体 - 客体配合物 - 在将药物用作客体时，为药物输送提供了合理的应用。超分子基序的使用可能会进一步产生用于控制封装和释放治疗剂的材料。此外，鉴于大多数在水中的超分子基序都是由疏水相互作用引导的，因此可以实现协同输送策略。超分子相互作用的模块化还为在一个输送平台中组合多种药物以及方便地掺入靶向单元提供了机会。总之，超分子设计为提高药物实践的精度提供了充足的机会。在临床转化的背景下，超分子设计的特点可能具有额外的优势，特别是在实现定量药物负载、分子离散的输送装置以及载体降解和清除机制的先验知识方面。因此，超分子化学提供的设计机会将在药物输送领域的未来发挥至关重要的作用。
