College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Oct;24(29):23168-23179. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9955-8. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
Water-saving cultivation techniques have been attracting increased attention worldwide. Ridge-furrow mulching system (RFMS), as a prospective rainwater harvesting system, has been widely adopted in arid and semi-arid areas. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to compare soil water storage, soil temperature, maize yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) among different ridge/furrow width arrangements in RFMS comprised of three different ridge/furrow ratios, i.e., 40:70 cm (RFMS40), 55:55 cm (RFMS55), and 70:40 cm (RFMS70) and conventional flat planting (CK, without mulching). All these four planting patterns had the same planting density. The RFMS technique not only increased soil temperature of the ridge but also improved soil moisture of the furrow when compared with CK. These positive effects were intensified with increasing ridge/furrow ratio in RFMS. This improvement in RFMS resulted in more stable and earlier seedling establishment. Maize yields were increased by 26.1, 36.4, and 50.3% under RFMS40, RFMS55, and RFMS70 treatments, respectively, when compared with CK across both years. RFMS did not decrease the evapotranspiration significantly, compared with CK. Eventually, WUE were enhanced by 25.7, 38.7, and 53.9% in RFMS40, RFMS55, and RFMS70, respectively, compared with CK. Taken together, our results suggest that increasing ratio of ridge to furrow in the case of RFMS70, can be recommended as high-yielding cultivation pattern for promoting precipitation use efficiency in the rain-fed semi-arid areas.
节水栽培技术在全球范围内受到越来越多的关注。垄沟覆盖系统（RFMS）作为一种有前景的雨水收集系统，已在干旱和半干旱地区得到广泛应用。2014 年和 2015 年进行了田间试验，比较了不同垄沟宽度布置的 RFMS（包括 3 种不同的垄沟比，即 40:70cm（RFMS40）、55:55cm（RFMS55）和 70:40cm（RFMS70）与传统的平地种植（CK，无覆盖）的土壤水分储存、土壤温度、玉米产量和水分利用效率（WUE）。所有这 4 种种植模式的种植密度相同。与 CK 相比，RFMS 技术不仅增加了垄的土壤温度，还改善了垄沟的土壤水分。随着 RFMS 中垄沟比的增加，这些积极影响也得到了加强。这种 RFMS 的改进导致了更稳定和更早的幼苗建立。与 CK 相比，RFMS40、RFMS55 和 RFMS70 处理下的玉米产量分别增加了 26.1%、36.4%和 50.3%。与 CK 相比，RFMS 对蒸散量的影响并不显著。最终，RFMS40、RFMS55 和 RFMS70 的 WUE 分别比 CK 提高了 25.7%、38.7%和 53.9%。总的来说，我们的结果表明，在 RFMS 情况下增加垄沟比，可推荐作为提高雨养半干旱地区降水利用效率的高产栽培模式。
